Molecular Markers for Genetics and Plant Breeding: The MFLP Marker System and Its Application in Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Shahidul ◽  
Huaan Yang ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Marker System

Statistical analysis and molecular markers in plant breeding for heterosis (review)

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Chesnokov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kocherina ◽  
A.M. Artemyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding

Characterization of High-Copy-Number Retrotransposons From the Large Genomes of the Louisiana Iris Species and Their Use as Molecular Markers

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K Kentner ◽  
Michael L Arnold ◽  
Susan R Wessler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
High Copy Number ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Transposon Display ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Large Plant ◽  
Backcross Hybrids ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Abstract The Louisiana iris species Iris brevicaulis and I. fulva are morphologically and karyotypically distinct yet frequently hybridize in nature. A group of high-copy-number TY3/gypsy-like retrotransposons was characterized from these species and used to develop molecular markers that take advantage of the abundance and distribution of these elements in the large iris genome. The copy number of these IRRE elements (for iris retroelement), is ∼1 × 105, accounting for ∼6–10% of the ∼10,000-Mb haploid Louisiana iris genome. IRRE elements are transcriptionally active in I. brevicaulis and I. fulva and their F1 and backcross hybrids. The LTRs of the elements are more variable than the coding domains and can be used to define several distinct IRRE subfamilies. Transposon display or S-SAP markers specific to two of these subfamilies have been developed and are highly polymorphic among wild-collected individuals of each species. As IRRE elements are present in each of 11 iris species tested, the marker system has the potential to provide valuable comparative data on the dynamics of retrotransposition in large plant genomes.

Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-52
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Rate Of Success

Conventionally, establishment of relationship between the genotype and phenotype through genetic analysis was considered as key to success in plant breeding. The discovery of molecular markers has changed the entire scenario of genome analysis. Coinheritance of a gene of interest and a marker suggests that they are physically close on the chromosome. A marker must be polymorphic in nature for their identification and utilization. Such polymorphism can be detected at three levels: phenotype (morphological), difference in biomolecules (biochemical), or differences in the nucleotide sequence of DNA (molecular). These markers act as a versatile tool and find their importance in taxonomy, plant breeding, gene mapping, cultivar identification, and forensic science. They have several advantages over the conventional methods of plant breeding for developing new varieties with higher rate of success. This chapter covers the basic principles and applications of various types of markers with special emphasis on molecular markers.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers Based Plant Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samriti Sharma ◽  
Ankita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding

Species composition and hybridisation of mussel species (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi S. Ab Rahim ◽  
Thuy T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Brett Ingram ◽  
Cynthia Riginos ◽  
Kim J. Weston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Single Marker

Mussels belonging to the Mytilus edulis species complex have been the focus of numerous studies exploring the systematics and origin of this commercially and ecologically important genus. Species have wide geographical ranges and hybridise where their distributions overlap, making identification difficult. Several molecular markers have been used to distinguish between the species within the M. edulis species complex; however, no single marker system has been found to be completely diagnostic, and a combination of markers are used. Here, we used a combination of three nuclear genes and a mitochondrial gene region to assess the species composition of Mytilus mussels collected across its geographical range in Australia. Our results show that the majority (98.5%) of individuals sampled from Australian populations are Mytilus galloprovincialis, with 56.2% of them displaying a southern hemisphere haplotype, 10.3% displaying a putatively northern hemisphere haplotype, and 32% having M. galloprovincialis genotypes consistent with either northern or southern hemisphere M. galloprovincialis lineages. The taxonomic origin of the remaining 1.5% of samples (n=3) could not be conclusively determined. Our results suggest that there have been significant introductions of non-native M. galloprovincialis lineages into both southern and northern hemisphere populations.

Molecular markers and doubled haploids in European plant breeding programmes

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Tuvesson ◽  
Christophe Dayteg ◽  
Per Hagberg ◽  
Outi Manninen ◽  
Pirjo Tanhuanpää ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Breeding Programmes
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