Basic principles of three-dimensional graphics

2008 ◽  
pp. 113-147
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Principles

The Methods of Three Dimensional Scanning Technology Surveying and Mapping of Chinese Traditional Furniture

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
Cheng Min Zhou ◽  
Zhi Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

This paper puts forward the basic principles and contents of surveying and mapping of Chinese traditional furniture. Through research and physical test, it proposed the methods and surveying and mapping processes of three dimensional scanning surveying and mapping. So that the technology of furniture’s surveying and mapping, protection, production and design has been further improved, thus making traditional furniture culture and modern advanced manufacturing technology spread and develop better.

Developments for the Production of Local Foamed Hollow Sections

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Wilhelm Bach ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Tillmann Plorin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Nondestructive Tests ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Total Structure

The investigation of the basic principles for the production of foamed out sections using magnesium foam for support structures by including the foaming process into the cold forming of sections to produce indiviually locally strengthened components is the subject of this research project. To absorb tensile stress, the metal foam will be strengthened with three-dimensional branched struts of high-tensile materials. The quantification of the influence of locally introduced foaming elements on e.g. stiffness alterations and the influence of the resonance frequency of the total structure will be effected by destructive but particularly also by nondestructive tests.

Simple model designed to generate new crystal structures derived from a mother phase; application to molecular compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gervais ◽  
Gérard Coquerel
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Symmetry Operators ◽  
Molecular Compounds

The basic principles of a model predicting new lattices from a known crystal structure are described. The first of the two-step procedure consists of extracting one- or two-dimensional periodic fragments (PF) from the mother structure. In the second step, symmetry operators are added to the PFs in order to generate one or several new three-dimensional lattices consistent with the 230 space groups. Most of the examples are related to polymorphism, but relationships between racemic compounds and enantiomers, twinning and lamellar epitaxy phenomena are also exemplified.

A New Treatment of the Tuned Absorber with Damping

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vibration Absorber ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Vibrating System ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Algebraic Treatment ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Tuned Vibration Absorber ◽  
Method Show

SummaryThe design of the damped tuned vibration absorber, which has previously been treated algebraically, is studied by the use of a three-dimensional admittance diagram. The advantages of this method are that the basic principles can be more easily understood and that it is not necessary to simplify the vibrating system so much. The results obtained by the use of the method show that under some conditions the algebraic treatment does not give the optimum tuning, but that the differences in performance of dampers which have been designed by the two methods will not be large. It is shown how the method may be extended to more complex problems.

Basic Principles of the Three-Dimensional Film

1952 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Spottiswoode ◽  
N. L. Spottiswoode ◽  
Charles Smith
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Principles

3D echocardiography in intensive care

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Konstantin Yastrebov
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
And Training

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is a rapidly expanding modality with great potential. 3DE, as with 2D, is based on basic principles of ultrasound physics. Sequential ultrasound beams are emitted from piezoelectric elements and received echoes are analysed by computers using specialized algorithms, creating pictures on a screen. Current routine utilization and research of 3DE in intensive care is limited. Technical problems, lack of equipment and training among intensive care practitioners are the major limiting factors. This chapter examines the main principles of 3DE, specific terminology, current advantages and limitations, as well as projected future applications. Application areas of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) and three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE) in intensive care are outlined.

Prediction of Turbulent Rough-Wall Skin Friction Using a Discrete Element Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Taylor ◽  
H. W. Coleman ◽  
B. K. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Boundary Layer Flows ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Roughness Model ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Using Data

A discrete element model for turbulent flow over rough surfaces has been derived from basic principles. This formulation includes surface roughness form drag and blockage effects as a constituent part of the partial differential equations and does not rely on a single-length-scale concept such as equivalent sandgrain roughness. The roughness model includes the necessary empirical information on the interaction between three-dimensional roughness elements and the flow in a general way which does not require experimental data on each specific surface. This empirical input was determined using data from well-accepted experiments. Predictions using the model are compared with additional data for fully-developed and boundary layer flows. The predictions are shown to compare equally well with both transitionally rough and fully rough turbulent flows without modification of the roughness model.

scholarly journals Further Development of the Kinematic and Aerodynamic Modeling and Analysis of Flapping Wing Ornithopter from Basic Principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Harijono Djojodihardjo ◽  
Muhammad Anas Abd Bari ◽  
Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie ◽  
Surjatin Wiriadidjaja
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamics ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Aerodynamic Modeling ◽  
Aerodynamic Model ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Further Development

<p>The basis of this work was to understand the generation of lift and thrust of a flapping bi-wing ornithopter, which is influenced by its geometrical, dynamic, kinematic and aerodynamic features by following a generic approach in order to identify and mimic the mechanisms. As further development of earlier work, three-dimensional rigid thin wing is considered in flapping and pitching motion using strip theory and two-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics for idealized wing in pitching and flapping oscillations with phase lag. Later, parametric study is carried out to attain a complete cycle’s lift and thrust physical characteristics for evaluating the plausibility of the aerodynamic model and for the synthesis of an ornithopter model with simplified mechanism. Further investigation is conducted to identify individual contribution of generic motion towards the flight forces. Results are assessed in comparison with existing theoretical and experimental results as appropriate.</p>

scholarly journals Pulsatile flow in ventricular catheters for hydrocephalus

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2096) ◽  
pp. 20160294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Giménez ◽  
M. Galarza ◽  
U. Thomale ◽  
M. U. Schuhmann ◽  
J. Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Heart Beating ◽  
Ventricular Catheters ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Previous Computational Study

The obstruction of ventricular catheters (VCs) is a major problem in the standard treatment of hydrocephalus, the flow pattern of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) being one important factor thereof. As a first approach to this problem, some of the authors studied previously the CSF flow through VCs under time-independent boundary conditions by means of computational fluid dynamics in three-dimensional models. This allowed us to derive a few basic principles which led to designs with improved flow patterns regarding the obstruction problem. However, the flow of the CSF has actually a pulsatile nature because of the heart beating and blood flow. To address this fact, here we extend our previous computational study to models with oscillatory boundary conditions. The new results will be compared with the results for constant flows and discussed. It turns out that the corrections due to the pulsatility of the CSF are quantitatively small, which reinforces our previous findings and conclusions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Mathematical methods in medicine: neuroscience, cardiology and pathology’.

scholarly journals A Tutorial Review on Point Cloud Registrations: Principle, Classification, Comparison, and Technology Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Leihui Li ◽  
Riwei Wang ◽  
Xuping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Point Cloud Registration ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Industrial Inspection

A point cloud as a collection of points is poised to bring about a revolution in acquiring and generating three-dimensional (3D) surface information of an object in 3D reconstruction, industrial inspection, and robotic manipulation. In this revolution, the most challenging but imperative process is point could registration, i.e., obtaining a spatial transformation that aligns and matches two point clouds acquired in two different coordinates. In this survey paper, we present the overview and basic principles, give systematical classification and comparison of various methods, and address existing technical problems in point cloud registration. This review attempts to serve as a tutorial to academic researchers and engineers outside this field and to promote discussion of a unified vision of point cloud registration. The goal is to help readers quickly get into the problems of their interests related to point could registration and to provide them with insights and guidance in finding out appropriate strategies and solutions.

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