Estimation of Position and Size of a Contaminant in Aluminum Casting Using a Thin-Film Magnetic Sensor

Advanced manufacturing processes require an in-line full inspection system. A nondestructive inspection system able to detect a contaminant such as tool chipping was utilized for the purpose of detecting a defective product as well as damaged machine tools used to fabricate the product. In a previous study, a system able to detect magnetic tool steel chipping in conductive material such as aluminum was developed and tested. In this study, a method of position and size estimation for magnetic chipping was investigated and is described. An experimental confirmation of the proposed method was also carried out using an actual prototype system.

Quantized wrinkles and fracture of stiff membranes on soft films

Stiff membranes on soft substrates may wrinkle and fold during compression1-11, but the strong post-buckling nonlinearity3,12 and the propensity of overall bending of these systems4,9,11 under large compression make the intriguing morphological evolution ill-controlled and less understood. Here, we present a simple peeling strategy that controllably makes stiff nanomembranes on soft microfilms wrinkled, then folded with a preset period, and ultimately fractured into regular ribbons. The fold and fracture periods exhibit a quantized, stepped dependence on the microfilm thickness, with the period doubled per step. The controlled wrinkle-to-fold-to-fractures transitions can be quantified by both computations and a scaling law, showing generality to different forms of compressive loading. This quantized wrinkle evolution deepens our understanding of complex behaviors of such natural and artificial systems as cerebral cortexes, skins, and coating materials, and opens a way to advanced manufacturing by fracturing large-area nanomembranes into uniformly shaped microflakes.

Application of ANN and PSO Swarm Optimization for Optimization in Advanced Manufacturing

CNC lathe is one of the best machining techniques which provides us with better accuracy and precision. Considering speed, feed and depth of cut as inputs and among all possible outputs, in the present work Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness would be considered as the factors those affect the quality, machining time and cost of machining. Design of experiments (DOE) would be carried out in order to minimize the number of experiments. In the later stages application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) would be used for the Optimization in the advanced manufacturing considering CNC lathe. The obtained output would be minimized (for surface roughness) and maximized (for MRR) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The combination of various input parameters for the same would be identified and a comparison would be drawn with the various above methods.

Research progress on the biological modifications of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages

Anterior spine decompression and reconstruction with bone grafts and fusion is a routine spinal surgery. The intervertebral fusion cage can maintain intervertebral height and provide a bone graft window. Titanium fusion cages are the most widely used metal material in spinal clinical applications. However, there is a certain incidence of complications in clinical follow-ups, such as pseudoarticulation formation and implant displacement due to nonfusion of bone grafts in the cage. With the deepening research on metal materials, the properties of these materials have been developed from being biologically inert to having biological activity and biological functionalization, promoting adhesion, cell differentiation, and bone fusion. In addition, 3D printing, thin-film, active biological material, and 4D bioprinting technology are also being used in the biofunctionalization and intelligent advanced manufacturing processes of implant devices in the spine. This review focuses on the biofunctionalization of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages. The surface modifications of implant materials in metal endoscopy, material biocompatibility, and bioactive functionalizationare summarized. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of the biofunctionalization of implant materials in spinal surgery are discussed.

A Review on Advanced Manufacturing for Hydrogen Storage Applications

Hydrogen is a notoriously difficult substance to store yet has endless energy applications. Thus, the study of long-term hydrogen storage, and high-pressure bulk hydrogen storage have been the subject of much research in the last several years. To create a research path forward, it is important to know what research has already been done, and what is already known about hydrogen storage. In this review, several approaches to hydrogen storage are addressed, including high-pressure storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and metal hydride absorption. Challenges and advantages are offered based on reported research findings. Since the project looks closely at advanced manufacturing, techniques for the same are outlined as well. There are seven main categories into which most rapid prototyping styles fall. Each is briefly explained and illustrated as well as some generally accepted advantages and drawbacks to each style. An overview of hydrogen adsorption on metal hydrides, carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes are presented. The hydrogen storage capacities of these materials are discussed as well as the differing conditions in which the adsorption was performed under. Concepts regarding storage shape and materials accompanied by smaller-scale advanced manufacturing options for hydrogen storage are also presented.