Snow Cover Changes Observed Over Sikkim Himalaya

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Smriti Basnett ◽  
Anil V. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sikkim Himalaya

Snow Cover Area Changes in the Changme Khangpu Basin during 2002-2019, North Sikkim Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Amrita Singh ◽  
Rakesh K. Ranjan ◽  
Uttam Lal
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameter ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Sikkim Himalaya ◽  
The People ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
June July

The Himalayan region is characterised by snow-covered mountains and glacierised basins which directly or indirectly regulates many large to small rivers downstream. To simulate and forecast stream-flow in these glacierised basins, an accurate snow cover area (SCA) estimation is of utmost importance. The present study assesses the snow cover dynamics (monthly, annual and seasonal) in the Changme Khangpu Basin (CKB) for almost two decades, from 2002 to 2019. The spatial and temporal variations in the SCA have been estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) 8-day maximum composite snow cover products from Terra (MOD10A2). Further, the SCA change has been compared with a remotely sensed meteorological parameter like temperature. The result shows a decreasing trend in annual mean SCA of the basin in the last two decades and an increase in seasonal mean SCA in the ablation period (May, June, July, August and September), whereas a decrease in seasonal mean SCA in accumulation period has been observed. The seasonal change in SCA will help in estimating the availability of water in the region for the people residing downward in the valley.

ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kalmanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Very High

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.

Peculiarities of snow cover observations with the side-looking radar of the «Sich-1» satellite

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
V.B. Efimov ◽  
I.A. Kalmykov ◽  
S.E. Yatsevich
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Side Looking Radar

The Features of Radar Observations of Snow Cover from Space-Borne Carriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141
Author(s):  
S. Ye. Yatsevich ◽  
V. B. Yefimov ◽  
I. A. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Radar Observations

Oxygen and deuterium isotope characteristics of Teesta river catchment from Sikkim Himalaya, India: Implications of different moisture sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Sheikh Nawaz Ali ◽  
Anupam Sharma ◽  
Shailesh Agrawal ◽  
M. G. Yadava ◽  
R. A. Jani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sikkim Himalaya ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Moisture Sources

Analyses of Continuous Snow Cover Duration and Its First and Last Days Using Weibull Distribution Method.

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige YAMADA ◽  
Tomoyoshi HIROTA ◽  
Ryuichi SHIROOKA
Keyword(s):  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Snow Cover Duration
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