Head-to-Bonnet Impact Using Finite Element Head Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 545-555
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Dorota Czerwińska ◽  
Johannes Wilhelm ◽  
Fábio A. O. Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Model

Volume conduction effects in tDCS using a 1mm geometry-adapted hexahedral finite element head model

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (SI-1 Track-O) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wagner ◽  
S. Rampersad ◽  
Ü. Aydin ◽  
J. Vorwerk ◽  
T. Neuling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Volume Conduction

Pregnant Occupant Model Including a Fetus for Vehicle Safety Investigations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Serpil Acar ◽  
M. Moustafa ◽  
Volkan Esat ◽  
Memis Acar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Realistic Representation ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Occupant Modelling

Computational occupant modelling has an effective role to play in investigating road safety. Realistic representation of occupants is very important to make investigations in virtual environment. Pregnant occupant modelling can help investigating safety for unborn occupants (fetuses) however, existing pregnant occupant models are not very realistic. Most do not anthropometrically represent pregnant women and do not include a fetus model. ‘Expecting’, a computational pregnant occupant model, developed with a view to simulate the dynamic response to crash impacts is briefly explained in this paper. The model is validated through rigid bar impacts and belt loading tests and used to simulate a wide range of impacts. ‘Expecting’, possess the anthropometric properties of a 5th percentile female at around the 38th week of pregnancy. The model is complete with a finite element uterus and a realistic multibody fetus which is a novel feature in models of this kind. In this paper, the effect of further developments to ‘Expecting’, by incorporating a finite element fetus head model is investigated. Further detailed anatomic geometry is used to generate deformable fetus head model. The model is used to simulate a range of frontal impacts with seatbelt and airbag, as well as no restraint cases. The strains developed in the utero-placental interface are used as the main criteria for fetus safety. The effect of incorporating a finite element fetus head in the pregnant occupant model is discussed.

scholarly journals Finite-element analysis of microwave scattering from a three-dimensional human head model for brain stroke detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 180319
Author(s):  
Awais Munawar Qureshi ◽  
Zartasha Mustansar ◽  
Samah Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Human Head Model ◽  
Brain Stroke Detection

In this paper, a detailed analysis of microwave (MW) scattering from a three-dimensional (3D) anthropomorphic human head model is presented. It is the first time that the finite-element method (FEM) has been deployed to study the MW scattering phenomenon of a 3D realistic head model for brain stroke detection. A major contribution of this paper is to add anatomically more realistic details to the human head model compared with the literature available to date. Using the MRI database, a 3D numerical head model was developed and segmented into 21 different types through a novel tissue-mapping scheme and a mixed-model approach. The heterogeneous and frequency-dispersive dielectric properties were assigned to brain tissues using the same mapping technique. To mimic the simulation set-up, an eight-elements antenna array around the head model was designed using dipole antennae. Two types of brain stroke (haemorrhagic and ischaemic) at various locations inside the head model were then analysed for possible detection and classification. The transmitted and backscattered signals were calculated by finding out the solution of the Helmholtz wave equation in the frequency domain using the FEM. FE mesh convergence analysis for electric field values and comparison between different types of iterative solver were also performed to obtain error-free results in minimal computational time. At the end, specific absorption rate analysis was conducted to examine the ionization effects of MW signals to a 3D human head model. Through computer simulations, it is foreseen that MW imaging may efficiently be exploited to locate and differentiate two types of brain stroke by detecting abnormal tissues’ dielectric properties. A significant contrast between electric field values of the normal and stroke-affected brain tissues was observed at the stroke location. This is a step towards generating MW scattering information for the development of an efficient image reconstruction algorithm.

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