Saintly Shepherdesses: Semi-religious Women and Identity Formation in Seventeenth-Century France

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Religious Women

A Froward Woman Beloved of God

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Westerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Women ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Threats

This chapter argues the importance of gender culture in seventeenth-century spirituality and gender politics in the response of the magistrates to Hutchinson in particular, and strong religious women in general. The chapter begins with a reconsideration of the patriarchal nature of this society and the political and social threats represented by nonconforming women. The chapter returns to witchcraft and midwifery in connection with conversion mysticism: three female identities very similar in themselves and, apparently, equally threatening. Finally, the chapter returns to the beginning point: the growing Puritan concentration upon rational religion in comparison with the experiential, spirit mysticism that characterized the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In its reconstruction of a female religiosity, the argument connects the historically constructed nature of women with the Puritan construction of a masculine God and a feminine soul, and the sexual nature of Puritan spirituality.

MADANNA, AKKANNA AND THE BRAHMIN REVOLUTION: A STUDY OF MENTALITY, GROUP BEHAVIOUR AND PERSONALITY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY INDIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs Kruijtzer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
Group Behaviour

AbstractThe article joins in the early modernity debate by investigating identity formation and the sense of public and private domains at the court of Golkonda. The rise of a class of Brahmin 'men of the pen' through the dynamics of the revenue farming system led to tensions among the Golkonda elite, resulting in a heightened sense of identity and the use and reuse of stereotypes of 'the other.' The article also shows how the Europeans, and especially the Dutch, were integral to Golkonda society and its group processes and that 'othering' by Dutch sources was context dependent to the same extent as othering by early modern South Asians. Cet article contribue au débat sur les early modernities en examinant la formation des identités et la prise de conscience de l'existence de domaines public et privé à la cour de Golconde. L'ascension d'une classe de scribes brahmanes, engendrée par le système des fermes foncières, entraîna des tensions au sein de l'élite de Golconde, résultant en un accroissement de la conscience identitaire et de l'utilisation et réutilisation de stéréotypes qualifiant l'Autre. Cet article montre également comment les Européens, et plus particulièrement les Hollandais, étaient partie prenante de la société golcondienne et de ses processus de groupe, et comment la création de l'image de l'Autre, tant dans les sources hollandaises que chez les Indiens, a été dépendante du contexte.

The Emergence of the Ẕahabiyya in Safavid Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ata Anzali
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sufi Order ◽  
Religious Landscape

Abstract This article revisits some aspects of the commonly accepted scholarly narrative about the early historical development of the Barzishābādi offshoot of the Kubrawi order in Safavid Iran, a Sufi community better known in later sources as the Ẕahabiyya.1 My research focuses primarily on eleventh/seventeenth-century developments, and my examination of published and unpublished primary sources, some of which have not previously been taken into account, inclines me to suggest two major revisions to the standard scholarly narrative. First, the term Ẕahabiyya was not adopted as a proper designation for this Sufi order until the late eleventh/seventeenth century. Second, the official spiritual lineage of the order (the mashīkha), is likewise a late eleventh/seventeenth-century construction, a product of the joint efforts of the Ẕahabi master Muʾaẕẕin Khurāsānī (d. 1078/1668) and his disciple, Najīb al-Dīn Zargar Iṣfahānī (d. ca. 1108/1696–7). I examine the adoption of the designation Ẕahabiyya and the construction of a spiritual lineage and show how they intersect with a fascinating process of identity formation undergone by this Sufi order as it adapted to transformations in the religious landscape of Safavid Iran.

scholarly journals Wholesome milk and strong meat: Peter Canisius’s catechisms and the conversion of Protestant Britain

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Walsham
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Fluid Boundary ◽  
As If

AbstractThis article examines the vernacular translations of the famous catechisms prepared by the Dutch Jesuit Peter Canisius which circulated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Britain. The various editions and adaptations of Canisius produced for English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish readers are texts in which anti-Protestant identity formation converges with the task of basic indoctrination. These include Laurence Vaux’s popular catechism of 1567, the traditionalist character of which is reassessed. Shedding light on the reception and domestication of the literature of the European Counter Reformation, these books illustrate how catechesis was revived and harnessed as a clerical tool for cultivating polemical resistance and as a device for inculcating saving knowledge and redeeming piety in those young in faith as well as in years. Recusant clergy, seminary priests and Jesuits tackled the task of restoring England to its traditional allegiance to Rome as if they were planting the faith in a pagan land and they utilised the same techniques and strategies as their colleagues in the newly discovered world. A study of Canisius’s catechisms highlights the fluid boundary between conversion and reconciliation in contemporary minds; illuminates the intertwining of the histories of evangelical mission and confessionalisation in the context of the British Isles; and helps to reintegrate minority Catholic communities back into our picture of the global movement for religious outreach and renewal.

scholarly journals Images of Iceland and Greenland in the Late Seventeenth and First Half of the Eighteenth Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 55-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarliði R. Ísleifsson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Western European

This article considers external images of Iceland and Greenland from the latter part of the seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth century in terms of their perceived ‘otherness’ during that period. The main methodologies used are approaches derived from imagology, or image studies, and postcolonial studies. The principal sources used are published writings by Western European authors, mostly from Britain and Germany. In essence, the most common discourse on Iceland and Greenland during the period in question reflects that of other marginal lands and territories most under Western European influence. While images of these two countries did have their own characteristics because of their ‘islandness’, they were distinguished first and foremost as being situated in the high north. We can call the qualities that were attributed to them borealism, a kind of orientalism or tropicality of the high north. One of the dominant themes in the otherness of these two northern islands is what might be called ‘primitive utopia’. The representation of Iceland and Greenland as paradise islands, even treasure islands, was also familiar. Negative and dystopian ideas were also common, in fact much more so for most of the period. By these accounts, the countries were described as uninhabitable because of the prevailing cold and wildness, and their crude barbarian inhabitants were depicted as being hardly distinguishable from animals. The same kind of dualism found in the narratives of the European Other in general was clearly an important factor in the process of the identity formation of these two islands.

Under One (Inherited) Imperial Crown: The Tudor Origins of Britain and its Empire, 1603–1625

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Hower
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
New World ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
British History ◽  
Global Engagement ◽  
Popular Texts

This article investigates the existence in early Stuart Britain of a vibrant, conscious, and global imperial inheritance, as well as the meaning and significance of this legacy for British interactions with the wider world in the seventeenth century. It explores the ways in which a new, transnational and colonial approach to a still-stubbornly insular Tudor History unearths over a century of British experimentation from 1485 in Europe, the Isles, the Americas, Africa, and the East, mutually-reinforced by consolidation and identity-formation at home. I examine the tangible, enduring importance of these examples – that is, the continued relevance of ideology and practice forged in sixteenth-century interactions beyond England – to the subsequent development of Britain and its Empire. The New British History, New Imperial History, and Atlantic History have transformed and complicated our understanding of Britain and the connections between Britain and Empire. Yet these turns have had greater success in privileging the seventeenth century, the Isles, and Anglo-America, relegating Britain to latecomer status in the New World and elsewhere while reinforcing dynastic periodization and obscuring an essential basis of Jacobean and later global involvement. This article seeks to cross the historiographic divides between chronological boundaries, between Tudor and Stuart, insular and global, using 1603–1625 as a case study. With interests sparked, sustained, and legitimized by experience, British subjects active in Ireland, Newfoundland, Virginia, and Guiana in the first quarter of the new century carefully deployed, manipulated, even shucked elements of Tudor nation and empire. Continuity in personnel and the survival of popular texts merged with changes wrought by or circa the new dynasty, as Jacobean flatters and critics fashioned history to fit their ends. By recalling Tudor policy, they acknowledged and memorialized an extra-national past, perpetuating certain images, diction, objectives, and regions of interest across 1603 to influence Stuart global engagement. This paper demonstrates that we cannot understand the development of Britain in the transformative seventeenth century and beyond without looking back and overseas.

“A Bad Race of Infected Blood” The Atlantic Profile of Gaspar Riveros Vasconcelos and the Question of Race in 1650 New Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Matteo Lazzari
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
New Spain ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Cartagena De Indias

Abstract Based on manuscripts from the Mexican National Archive recording a 1650 Inquisition trial for astrology, this article will present a reconstruction of the story of Gaspar Riveros Vasconcelos, a “mulatto” born in Tangier, a descendant of a Portuguese father and Angolan mother. He travelled the Atlantic commercial routes – visiting Angola, Pernambuco, Cartagena de Indias, La Havana – and got involved in political discussions with Spaniards residing in mid-seventeenth century Mexico City. This period was particularly tough for Portuguese people in Spanish America, given the 1640 breach of the dynastic union of Spain and Portugal, which had been formerly achieved in 1581 by King Philipp ii. Vasconcelos’ story allows us to reflect on identity formation in time, on the concept of race, as well as on the ways in which “a persona miserable de color pardo” could deploy his agency as Afro-Portuguese in colonial Mexico society. As such, this paper aims to reconsider the relevance of individual narratives which can generate a growing awareness of the importance that Afro-descendants had in the Ibero-American world and how they could influence the process of racialization in the local context of seventeenth century New Spain.

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