Social Risks as the Source of Threats and Concerns: The Survey in the Czech Republic

The object of this research was to determine the subjective recognized social threats in the context of contemporary society. Given the growing number of people who feel threatened by certain social threats, there is a presumption that the risk is real, and the identified groups are affected by social risks. The recognition of social threats in the population has a broader social context, and may be influenced by key socio-demographic factors. This influence is significant for many risks, and helps to better understand the nature of the specific groups at risk. It also allows us to recognize that the socio-demographic and family context creates specific conditions for the occurrence of social threats. The aim of the paper is to find the relationships between different types of social threats and gender, age groups, personal situation (occupation), educational attainment, and family situation. A similar study was carried out by the OECD in 2018 (the Czech Republic was not included). The research was designed as cross-sectional ex-post-facto, and the statistical significance was determined using χ2 test of independence. The survey was carried out in 2018–2019 nationwide across the Czech Republic. The processed data of 5425 respondents has shown that, in the Czech Republic, the subjectively perceived significant threats seem to be the loss of job and unemployment, insufficient skills, and an unwillingness to educate oneself or to be trained, social pressure, and unsatisfactory housing conditions. The research reveals that the recognition of social threats depends on social and family conditions, and there exist specific groups feeling threats more intensively than exist in others. The groups that are at the most risk are individuals with primary education and an apprenticeship. In the population, women are more at risk, as well as the 25–34 and 45+ age groups.

A Froward Woman Beloved of God

This chapter argues the importance of gender culture in seventeenth-century spirituality and gender politics in the response of the magistrates to Hutchinson in particular, and strong religious women in general. The chapter begins with a reconsideration of the patriarchal nature of this society and the political and social threats represented by nonconforming women. The chapter returns to witchcraft and midwifery in connection with conversion mysticism: three female identities very similar in themselves and, apparently, equally threatening. Finally, the chapter returns to the beginning point: the growing Puritan concentration upon rational religion in comparison with the experiential, spirit mysticism that characterized the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In its reconstruction of a female religiosity, the argument connects the historically constructed nature of women with the Puritan construction of a masculine God and a feminine soul, and the sexual nature of Puritan spirituality.

Privacy concerns and self-disclosure in private and public uses of social media

The study contributes to the ongoing debate about the ‘privacy paradox’ in the context of using social media. The presence of a privacy paradox is often declared if there is no relationship between users’ information privacy concerns and their online self-disclosure. However, prior research has produced conflicting results. The novel contribution of this study is that we consider public and private self-disclosure separately. The data came from a cross-national survey of 1,500 Canadians. For the purposes of the study, we only examined the subset of the 545 people who had at least one public account and one private account. Going beyond a single view of self-disclosure, we captured five dimensions of self-disclosure: Amount, Depth, Polarity, Accuracy, and Intent; and two aspects of privacy concerns : concerns about organizational and social threats. To examine the collected data, we used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Our research does not support the presence of a privacy paradox as we found a relationship between privacy concerns from organizational and social threats and most of the dimensions of self-disclosure (even if the relationship was weak). There was no difference between patterns of self-disclosure on private versus public accounts. Different privacy concerns may trigger different privacy protection responses and, thus, may interact with self-disclosure differently. Concerns about organizational threats increase awareness and accuracy while reducing amount and depth, while concerns about social threats reduce accuracy and awareness while increasing amount and depth. Keywords: social media, privacy paradox, private vs public, information privacy, self-disclosure

Privacy concerns and self-disclosure in private and public uses of social media

The study contributes to the ongoing debate about the ‘privacy paradox’ in the context of using social media. The presence of a privacy paradox is often declared if there is no relationship between users’ information privacy concerns and their online self-disclosure. However, prior research has produced conflicting results. The novel contribution of this study is that we consider public and private self-disclosure separately. The data came from a cross-national survey of 1,500 Canadians. For the purposes of the study, we only examined the subset of the 545 people who had at least one public account and one private account. Going beyond a single view of self-disclosure, we captured five dimensions of self-disclosure: Amount, Depth, Polarity, Accuracy, and Intent; and two aspects of privacy concerns : concerns about organizational and social threats. To examine the collected data, we used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Our research does not support the presence of a privacy paradox as we found a relationship between privacy concerns from organizational and social threats and most of the dimensions of self-disclosure (even if the relationship was weak). There was no difference between patterns of self-disclosure on private versus public accounts. Different privacy concerns may trigger different privacy protection responses and, thus, may interact with self-disclosure differently. Concerns about organizational threats increase awareness and accuracy while reducing amount and depth, while concerns about social threats reduce accuracy and awareness while increasing amount and depth. Keywords: social media, privacy paradox, private vs public, information privacy, self-disclosure

The Influence of Technical and Social Factors in Mitigating Threats in a BYOD-Enabled Environment

As the adoption of bring your own device (BYOD) phenomenon by businesses and other sectors continues to grow. Employees find it desirable to use their personally owned mobile devices for work without the need to differentiate between their carrier services and their organizations' network. However, this practice makes such businesses vulnerable to various security threats. Nigeria banking institutions, like other businesses globally, have adopted the BYOD phenomenon. However, BYOD trend constitutes heterogeneity, and there is large diversity in mobile devices, hence the risk of corporate data being exposed to threats increases. Thus, this paper investigates the influence of technical and social threats as it relates to BYOD phenomenon in the banking institutions. Data was collected from the employees of four banks in Nigeria that supported BYOD trend. The study found out that there are some security threats that are integrated, and the existing security measures are not sufficient to mitigate those threats. Hence, this study has presented an integrated solution to curb these threats.

The impact of representations on social threats and risks upon creation of Russia’s image of the future

The object of this research is the social threats and risks as the factors that impact the formation of Russia’s image of the future. The subject of this research is the public opinion of residents of the Far East – representatives of generations X, Y and Z on the current state and prospects of the Russian society. The goal consists in identification of peculiarities of the opinion among the representatives of different generations of residents of the Far East in determination of social risks caused by new external and internal threats in the context of creation of Russia’s image of the future. Leaning on the analysis of scientific theoretical sources and data of the own empirical research, the authors attempted to construct a universal image of the future of Russia, typical to the representatives of different generations of Russians. The novelty of this work lies in the analysis of public opinion of expressed by the representatives of different generations of residents of the Far East on the future of Russia, taking into account the risks and threats (in their perception), as well as in extrapolation of the results of empirical study upon the process of formation of Russia’s image of the future. The scientific value of the acquired results is defined by fact that determination of peculiarities of the worldview of different generations regarding Russia’s image of the future allows creating a generalized image that may become an integrating factor in the process of implementation of social activity of the Russian citizens. The practical importance is that the obtained result would help social scientists in their further theoretical research, forecasts and envisioning scenarios on the future of Russian society, and modern politicians – in elaboration of the projects of social reforms.

The lateral periaqueductal gray and its role in controlling predatory hunting and social defense.

Evasion from imminent threats and prey attack are opposite behavioral choices critical to survival. The lateral periaqueductal gray (LPAG) is a key player in these behaviors, it responds to social threats and prey hunting while also driving predatory attacks and active defense. Our results revealed that distinct neuronal populations in the LPAG drive prey hunting and evasion from social threats. We show that the LPAG provides a putative glutamatergic projection to the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). LPAG > LHA pathway optogenetic inhibition impaired insect predation but did not alter escape/attack ratio during social defeat. The results suggest that the LPAG control over evasion to a social attack may be regarded as a stereotyped response depending probably on descending projections. Conversely, the LPAG control over predatory behavior involves an ascending pathway to the LHA that likely influences LHAGABA neurons driving predatory hunting and may provide an emotional drive for appetitive rewards.