LA DINAMICIDAD DE LOS TEXTOS LITERARIOS: HACIA UNA TIPOLOGÍA DE LA TRANSREFERENCIALIDAD

Este artículo integra las aportaciones de la teoría de la literatura acerca de las relaciones entre los textos en un contexto más abarcador: el de la transacción de referencias. De este modo, se contemplan las particularidades de los vínculos que fomentan las obras literarias, incluyendo aquellos que se producen con elementos no textualizados –sistemas semiológicos distintos o esquemas formales o de contenido, por ejemplo–. En consecuencia, se propone una tipología sobre los procedimientos transreferenciales, que se estructuran en tres niveles: 1) el contacto directo, 2) las modalidades, y 3) las relaciones interdiscursivas. Esta clasificación, susceptible de aplicarse a todos los géneros, se ejemplificará a lo largo del artículo con textos pertenecientes a la poesía española contemporánea. Abstract: This paper integrates the contributions of literary theory about the relationships between texts in a wider context: that of the transaction of references. In this way, it contemplates the particularities of the links fostered by literary works, including those produced by means of non-textualised elements (different semiotic systems or formal or content schemas, for example). Consequently, a typology is proposed regarding transreferential procedures, which are structured on three levels: 1) direct contact, 2) modes, and 3) interdiscursive relations. This classification, which can be applied to all genres, will be exemplified throughout the paper with texts belonging to contemporary Spanish poetry.

Lenguaje político y giro panhispánico en el primer manifiesto del movimiento Poesía ante la incertidumbre

Political Language and Reflections on the Concept of Canon from a Transatlantic Perspective in the First Manifesto of the Movement POESÍA ANTE LA INCERTIDUMBRE. In this article I intend to examine the strengths of Panhispanic or Transatlantic Studies, which represent an appropriate line of research into and analysis of the current circumstances of literature written in Spanish, from a vantage point capable of observing the plurality of changes in the Hispanic-American poetics of twenty-first century works. First of all, I define what is traditionally understood as a literary canon and outline the theoretical support on which I rely to argue my point of view. Secondly, I add the notes of the critics who propose a Transatlantic literary analysis, that is, the ideas of Panhispanism, as a way of analyzing current poetic productions, which I exemplify with the Poetry Facing Uncertainty movement. Keywords: canon, Hispanic American – Transatlantic literature, Panhispanic studies, Spanish poetry, Poetry Facing Uncertainty

Contemporary Judeo–Spanish Poetry for Young Readers

This article presents contemporary Judeo-Spanish poetry for children in the context of the postvernacular mode (when the language is not used any more in everyday communication) of the language. It discusses the poetry collections of three authors who have published Judeo-Spanish poems in the twenty-first century: Ada Gattegno-Saltiel, Avner Perez, and Sarah Aroeste, as well as the project Yeladino, which is an anthology of Judeo-Spanish translations of Hebrew poems. It analyses the books and projects in terms of their subject matter, language, and poetic devices, as well as the relation of some of them with music, theatre-music performance, and educational activities. The paper raises the question of audience of this poetry, allowing for the fact that nowadays there are no children learning Judeo-Spanish as their first language, and that the language itself is considered severely endangered. The paper states the presence of the dual address in these books, i.e. to children and adults, both on the level of implied and real audience.

DISCO PAL: Diachronic Spanish sonnet corpus with psychological and affective labels

Nowadays, there are many applications of text mining over corpora from different languages. However, most of them are based on texts in prose, lacking applications that work with poetry texts. An example of an application of text mining in poetry is the usage of features derived from their individual words in order to capture the lexical, sublexical and interlexical meaning, and infer the General Affective Meaning (GAM) of the text. However, even though this proposal has been proved as useful for poetry in some languages, there is a lack of studies for both Spanish poetry and for highly-structured poetic compositions such as sonnets. This article presents a study over an annotated corpus of Spanish sonnets, in order to analyse if it is possible to build features from their individual words for predicting their GAM. The purpose of this is to model sonnets at an affective level. The article also analyses the relationship between the GAM of the sonnets and the content itself. For this, we consider the content from a psychological perspective, identifying with tags when a sonnet is related to a specific term. Then, we study how GAM changes according to each of those psychological terms. The corpus used contains 274 Spanish sonnets from authors of different centuries, from fifteenth to nineteenth. This corpus was annotated by different domain experts. The experts annotated the poems with affective and lexico-semantic features, as well as with domain concepts that belong to psychology. Thanks to this, the corpus of sonnets can be used in different applications, such as poetry recommender systems, personality text mining studies of the authors, or the usage of poetry for therapeutic purposes.

THE PRAGMATIC DIMENSION OF METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN THE SPANISH POETRY OF THE 27TH GENERATION

Literary translation is one of the most difficult and complex types of translations, especially when it comes to translating poetry and the graphic images it carries, as these images are an expressive tool, as we find that the metaphor tops the verses of the Spanish 27-generation poets, the generation that emerged after the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the death of the poet Louis De Gongra, because of the conditions in which they lived and the censorship they were subjected to during the period of General Franco's regime, the metaphor was a means of expressing the lived reality, which links the tangible with the abstract, and calls the reader to the realization of thought as a result of implicit sayings difficult to understand. If the original text is difficult to understand, how The transfer to the other language, in which the matter will become more complicated to decode the content of each borrowing and reformulate it in the language transferred to it, and thus the translation of the metaphor is among the most important issues that occupy translation in its theoretical and practical parts. Through this intervention, we touched upon the study of the pragmatic dimension of translating a metaphor in the poetry of the 27th generation, focusing in that on studying the competencies of the translator when transmitting it, and we raised the following problem: What are the linguistic and translation tools that help to investigate the pragmatic dimension in decoding the content of the metaphor in the original text And to achieve the goal of the writer? Our aim of this research is to finally highlight these tools that help the translator in his work and convey this type of images with the same meaning and effect.