The Use of Psychrophilic Antarctic Yeast in the Biological Control of Post-harvest Diseases of Fruits Stored at Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskálath Morganna Silva Ferreira ◽  
Deyse Alencar Resende ◽  
Silvana Vero ◽  
Raphael Sanzio Pimenta
Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
István Pócsi ◽  
...  

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.


Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Muhamad Salman Umar ◽  
Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽  
Luciana Djaya

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchen Zhao ◽  
Marcelo Belchior Rosendo da Silva ◽  
Inge Van der Linden ◽  
Bernadette D. G. M. Franco ◽  
Mieke Uyttendaele

Fresh produce has been identified as an important vehicle for the transmission of foodborne pathogens. This study evaluated the behavior of vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis, one of the main biological control agents (BCAs) used in the world, and Salmonella enterica on spinach plants (pre-harvest) and spinach cut leaves (post-harvest) at 12°C, experimentally inoculated as single or co-cultures. The results evidenced that spray-inoculated commercial BCA containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ABTS-1857 (BTa ABTS-1857) spores persisted well on spinach leaves in both pre- and post-harvest simulations. However, when BTa ABTS-1857 vegetative cells were spray-inoculated, more than 2 log reductions in the counts of B. thuringiensis were observed during 20 days pre- and 5 days post-harvest simulations, respectively. The counts of S. Montevideo on the spinach cut leaves during post-harvest storage at 12°C for 5 days remained unchanged, whereas 1 log reduction was noted during pre-harvest. Moreover, during pre-harvest simulation, when co-inoculated with BTa ABTS-1857 vegetative cells or spores, additional 0.5 or 1.0 log reductions were detected on the counts of S. Montevideo in the spinach leaves on the 10th day. These results were obtained under laboratory conditions, and further findings in longitudinal studies from farm (in the agricultural field) to retail (end of shelf life) will contribute to understanding of the role of B. thuringiensis as a BCA on growth/survival of Salmonella spp. in fresh produce.


1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Wilson ◽  
Michael E. Wisniewski ◽  
Charles L. Biles ◽  
Randy McLaughlin ◽  
Edo Chalutz ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Slininger ◽  
David A. Schisler ◽  
Linda D. Ericsson ◽  
Tina L. Brandt ◽  
Mary Jo Frazier ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García ◽  
Pilar Robayo

<p>La ausencia de alternativas tecnológicas económicamente competitivas para la conservación de los productos frutícolas ha reducido el desarrollo de esta agrocadena en el país. Siendo Colombia uno de los principales productores de pitaya su participación en el mercado internacional es mínima. Las deficiencias en el manejo poscosecha se reflejan en tiempos de vida útil cortos, pérdidas poscosecha significativas, costos de comercialización altos y una amplia fluctuación de precios, factores que limitan el crecimiento de esta cadena e impiden su posicionamiento en el mercado internacional. Con el fin de ofrecer soluciones a esta problemática se evaluó el uso de bajas temperaturas y atmósferas modificadas pasivas en la conservación de la pitaya. A tal fin se usó fruta almacenada a 10°C en dos estados de madurez (verde o pintón), con o sin empaque, así como películas de polietileno o polipropileno perforadas y sin perforar. El comportamiento poscosecha se estimó según el porcentaje del área deteriorada, el color de la corteza, la pérdida de peso y firmeza, el contenido de sólidos solubles y la acidez. El estudio mostró que la principal ventaja que presenta el uso de empaques es la reducción de la deshidratación de la fruta. Los mejores resultados se encontraron en pitaya verde empacada en polipropileno sin perforar y almacenada a 10°C, condiciones en las cuales la fruta alcanzó una vida útil de 18 días con un deterioro inferior a 5% y de 21 días con un deterioro inferior al 10%. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Evaluation of the use of passive modified atmospheres and low temperatures on the conservation of yellow pitahaya </strong></p><p>The absence of economically competitive alternative technologies for the preservation of pitahaya fruits has slowed the development of this fruit agrochain in the country. Colombia is one of the main pitahaya producers but with a minimal market share. Post harvest management deficiencies are reflected in a short shelf life, significant postharvest losses and a wide price fluctuation, which limits the agrochain growth and it’s positioning in the international market. To offer alternative solutions to this problem, the use of low temperatures and passive modified atmospheres were evaluated on the conservation of pitahaya. Fruit stored at 10°C were used in two stages of maturity (green or yellow green), with and without packaging, and with or without poliethylene or polipropilene wrap, with and without perforations. Post harvest analysis included % of deteriorated area, skin color, weight loss and firmness, soluble solid content and acidity. This study showed that that the main advantage of the use of packaging is the reduction in fruit dehydration. Best results were found in green pitahaya packaged in nonperforated poliethylene film stored at 10°C, where fruit reached a shelf life of 18 days with a deterioration rate less that 5% and at 21 days with a deterioration rate less that 10%. </p>


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elison Floriano Tiago ◽  
Fabrício Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Samir Oliveira Kassab ◽  
Rogério Hidalgo Barbosa ◽  
Carlos R Garcia Cardoso ◽  
...  

Introduction: The endoparasitoid Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) can be reared with the alternative host Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Host storage at low temperatures can regulate parasitoid production and demand in biological control programs. Material and Methods: The life-cycle (egg-adult), parasitism and emergence percentage, number of parasitoids emerged per host pupae, sex ratio and longevity of the T. howardi offspring per T. molitor pupa were evaluated after low temperature storage of this host for different periods and its immature (pupae) in T. molitor pupae for five periods at 10.3 ºC. Tenebrio molitor pupae stored at 0.5 ± 0.09 °C and 2.7 ± 0.11 °C for 10 and 20 days, respectively, were adequate to produce T. howardi. Results: The biological characteristics of this parasitoid were better with T. molitor pupae stored at 0.5 ± 0.09 °C and 2.7 ± 0.11 °C for 10 and 20 days. Tetrastichus howardi immature (pupae) can be stored in T. molitor pupae for 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days at 10.3 ºC, preferably in pupae of this host for 10 days to produce these adults of this parasitoid for biological control programs. Discussion: These results contribute to overcoming one of the difficulties encountered in the massive production of parasitoids which is to obtain large numbers of suitable hosts when they are needed. Therefore, the possibility of conserving T. molitor pupae to rear T. howardi will be useful to use this natural enemy in biological pest control programs. Keywords: Biological control, Cold storage, Parasitoids, Progeny.


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