Influences of the Nutrition Transition on Chronic Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Sudha Raj
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Nutrition Transition

scholarly journals A Tanzanian perspective on the nutrition transition and its implications for health

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Maletnlema
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Urban Sample

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this paper is to describe social and economic changes related to shifts in diet and activity and to present prevalences for chronic diseases associated with the nutrition transition.Design:Observations about social changes are descriptive, based on published reports and personal observations. Prevalence and trends data are based on a Ministry of Health published report and, for infants and toddlers, on primary data.Setting:Disease prevalences for diabetes mellitus and hypertension are taken from four sites, representing underdeveloped, semi-developed and well-developed rural communities and Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania. The prevalences of underweight and overweight for infants and toddlers are taken from a small periurban clinic in Tanzania.Subjects:Adults over 15 years of age are included in the prevalence data for chronic disease. The urban sample is stratified by occupation and ethnicity. The data for infants and toddlers include newborns to those aged 23 months.Results:An increase in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was observed. Simultaneously, there have been rapid changes in diet and physical activity related to urbanisation and modernisation. The highest prevalences for diabetes and hypertension were among high-ranking executives.Conclusion:The increase in chronic disease could be related to the rise in the number of high-ranking executives. Simultaneously, per capita income has gone down, and malnutrition prevalence has risen. Programmes are being developed to simultaneously monitor trends in overweight while preventing protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency.

scholarly journals Critical Social and Cultural Influences on Eating in a Multiethnic Population of Working Women: It's Hard to Practice What You Know (P10-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dai ◽  
Nur Fadzlina Zulkefli ◽  
Foong Ming Moy ◽  
Danya Keene ◽  
Debbie Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Desire To Eat

Abstract Objectives Malaysia is currently experiencing the nutrition transition, with an increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and fats paralleling an increase in prevalence of obesity and chronic disease. These dietary changes have occurred despite 90% of urban women reporting awareness of the health risks posed by obesity. This study sought to characterize how working women, an understudied population at risk for diet-related chronic disease, navigate food decisions. As Malaysia is a multiethnic nation, we aimed to explore the sociocultural determinants of eating behavior in this unique population. Methods A purposive design in combination with a convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 24 women ages 26 to 55 of Malay, Indian, and Chinese descent across 15 university departments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Audio recordings of the individual semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory. Results Women identified two important life transitions, getting married and having children, as particularly influential in changing eating behavior. Women reported a desire to eat healthier that was in tension with pressures to cater to the taste preferences of their household members and to accommodate their work schedules. Persistent social norms of eating in group settings and difficulty in accessing foods perceived as nutritious were reported as barriers to changing individual eating behavior. Regardless of education level and marital status, women agreed that the act of eating was closely connected with cultural values and embodied important meanings that took precedence over eating as a health-promoting behavior. While all participants expressed a desire to eat healthier, many reported limited confidence in their ability to consistently give up familiar and tasty foods for healthier alternatives. Shifts in eating behavior such as trying new healthy recipes and adopting a more restrictive diet were reported as most feasible and personally applicable after learning about a family member's declining health. Conclusions In this urban, multiethnic population, increasing the accessibility of nutritious foods and changing cultural perceptions of the relationship between food and nutrition may be important for enabling healthy eating behaviors. Funding Sources Yale Sustainable Food Program, Yale School of Public Health.

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in the Republic of Ireland: trends in energy and nutrient supply from 1961 to 2007 using Food and Agriculture Organization food balance sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Sheehy ◽  
Sangita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
The Republic

Over the course of the last 50 years the Republic of Ireland has gone from being one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest; however, it is now experiencing increasing rates of obesity and non-communicable chronic disease. Although several national nutrition surveys have been carried out in Ireland since 1990, there is little information on the Irish diet before then. We analysed the FAO food balance sheets for Ireland from 1961 to 2007 in order to characterise the changes in energy and nutrient supply that took place during that period. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database and per capita supply of commodities was analysed using dietary analysis software. Energy from carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy fell from 55 % in 1961 to 46 % in 2007, whereas energy from fat increased from 29 % to 34 %; these values are well outside WHO recommendations for the prevention of chronic disease. Energy from alcohol as a percentage of total energy has doubled within the last 20 years. On a nutrient-density basis, vitamins and minerals met or exceeded WHO recommendations, apart from vitamin D, folate, Ca and Fe. Although there are methodological limitations associated with the use of food balance sheets, the present results demonstrate that the current imbalances in the Irish diet were already evident several decades ago. Because they are so long established, they will be difficult to reverse unless major public health nutrition interventions are implemented.

scholarly journals Childhood growth and chronic disease: evidence from countries undergoing the nutrition transition

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Angela M. Thompson ◽  
Ashley Waters
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Childhood Growth

scholarly journals Nutrition transition in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash S Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban

AbstractObjective:The primary objective of this review is to examine the demographic and nutrition transition in India in relation to its contribution to the emerging epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases in this country.Setting:India, the country as a whole and its different states with a population exceeding 1 billion in 2001.Subjects:The review examines demographic changes in the population with consequent effects on the population pyramid, the rapidity and rates of urbanisation with striking variations in chronic disease patterns and the trends in obesity between rural and urban communities, attempting to relate their prevalence with the diet and lifestyle changes accompanying them.Design:The review is based largely on representative large-scale surveys in the country and other reliable documented data on population characteristics. It also includes a review of the published literature.Results:The results indicate that the demographic changes, rates of urbanisation and changes in dietary patterns are contributing to the changing trends in chronic disease in India.Conclusions:There is clear evidence of a demographic, epidemiological and nutrition transition in India that is fuelling the epidemic of chronic diseases and obesity, particularly in the urban areas.

Chronic Disease of the Liver in Young Women: An Evaluation of Patients with a Negative Clot Test for Lupus Erythematosus

1962 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence P. Alfrey ◽  
Lloyd G. Bartholomew ◽  
James C. Cain ◽  
Archie H. Baggbnstoss
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus
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