Probabilistic Simulation of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk of Children and Adults Exposed to the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons – PAHs in Primary School Environment in Serbia, Model Development and Validation

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Rastko Jovanovic ◽  
Marija Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Probabilistic Simulation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Alghamdi ◽  
Salwa K. Hassan ◽  
Noura A. Alzahrani ◽  
Marwan Y. Al Sharif ◽  
Mamdouh I. Khoder
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Suburban Schools ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah’s schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, suburban and residential areas of Jeddah. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of classroom-dust-bound PAHs and the health risks to children of PAH exposure. Average PAH concentrations were higher in urban schools than suburban and residential schools. Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(ghi)perylene (BGP), chrysene (CRY) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) at urban and suburban schools and BbF, BGP, fluoranthene (FLT) and indeno (1, 2, 3, −cd)pyrene (IND) at residential schools were the dominant compounds in classroom dust. PAHs with five aromatic rings were the most abundant at all schools. The relative contribution of the individual PAH compounds to total PAH concentrations in the classroom dusts of schools indicate that the study areas do share a common source, vehicle emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios of PAHs, they are emitted from local pyrogenic sources, and traffic is the significant PAH source, with more significant contributions from gasoline-fueled than from diesel cars. Based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPequi) calculations, total carcinogenic activity (TCA) for total PAHs represent 21.59% (urban schools), 20.99% (suburban schools), and 18.88% (residential schools) of total PAH concentrations. DBA and BaP were the most dominant compounds contributing to the TCA, suggesting the importance of BaP and DBA as surrogate compounds for PAHs in this schools. Based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCingestion, ILCRinhalation, ILCRdermal) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR)) calculations, the order of cancer risk was: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Both ingestion and dermal contact are major contributors to cancer risk. Among PAHs, DBA, BaP, BbF, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and IND have the highest ILCR values at all schools. LCR and TLCR values at all schools were lower than 10−6, indicating virtual safety. DBA, BaP and BbF were the predominant contributors to cancer effects in all schools.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils from Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekleweini Gereslassie ◽  
Ababo Workineh ◽  
Xiaoning Liu ◽  
Xue Yan ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Central China ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are large groups of ubiquitous environmental pollutants composed of two or more fused aromatic rings. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution, potential sources, and ecological and cancer risks of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Huangpi soils in Wuhan, central China. The soil samples for this study were taken from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths. A modified matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method was applied to extract analytes from the soil samples. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used to determine the concentrations of the compounds. The sum mean concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 138.93 and 154.99 µg kg−1 in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene and fluorene were the most abundant compounds in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths, respectively. The quantitative values of the pyrogenic index, total index, and diagnostic ratio used in this study showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have a pyrogenic origin. The negligible and maximum permissible concentrations values for naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene indicated a moderate ecological risk. The incremental lifetime cancer risk values for adults and children showed a low and moderate cancer risk, respectively.

scholarly journals Human Health Assessment of Sixteen Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils of Northwestern Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Halfadji ◽  
Mohamed Naous ◽  
Farida Bettiche ◽  
Abdelkrim Touabet
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental organic contaminants generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials that are widely distributed in soils. Objectives. This study represents the first attempt to examine the health toxicity of 16 detected PAHs in contaminated soil, via different exposure pathways to populations in northwestern Algeria. Methods. The toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQ) of PAHs were evaluated. The carcinogenic risk assessment of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways to each PAH in soil are described. Results. Incremental lifetime cancer risk values were in the upper limit of the tolerable range (10−6–10−4) for adults and children. The total cancer risk of PAH-contaminated soils for children, adolescents and adults was 2.48×10−5, 2.04×10−5 and 3.12×10−5mg.kg−1d−1, respectively. The highest potential cancer risks were identified for adults and children, with adolescents having the lowest risks. Across exposure pathways, the dermal contact and ingestion pathways had the greatest contributions to the carcinogenic risk of human exposure to PAHs. Conclusions. Further research and guidelines are needed for risk assessments of PAHs in agricultural, residential/urban, and industrial areas, and further risk assessments should include risks posed by exposure through air. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Costal Sediments and Indian Halibuts of Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr Coasts, Iran: Distribution Pattern and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghafour Nourian ◽  
Neamat Haghighi ◽  
Tayebeh Tabatabaei ◽  
Esmaeil Kohgardi ◽  
Abdul Pazira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Excess Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract A total 20 sediment and 20 Indian halibut samples were sampled from Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr coast, Bushehr province, Iran for studying distribution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs were analyzed using HPLC. The mean ƩPAHs concentrations in sediment and Indian halibut samples were 6.894 ± 1.4301 and 14.807 ± 7.486 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0.05) between ƩPAHs, 2–3 ring compounds, and 4 ring compounds in the sediments and Indian halibut samples. ƩPAHs concentration in sediments and Indian halibuts was higher in Asaluyeh area followed by Khark area. The values of PAHs pollution in the Bushehr province coastline were low to very high. The toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ), excess cancer risk (ECR), and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were applied for health risk assessment. Based on TEQ calculation, DA was a good marker in assessing PAHs related to health risk. DDI values for ∑PAHs and ∑CPAHs (carcinogenic PAHs) were also highest in Asaluyeh and Kangan, respectively. ILCR values for sediments in 10% of all stations and cumulative ECR values for Indian halibuts in all studied areas exceeded the USEPA acceptable level thus suggesting a potential cancer risk. Thus, regular monitoring of PAHs pollutants in the coastlines of Bushehr province is recommended.

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