scholarly journals Human Health Assessment of Sixteen Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils of Northwestern Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Halfadji ◽  
Mohamed Naous ◽  
Farida Bettiche ◽  
Abdelkrim Touabet
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental organic contaminants generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials that are widely distributed in soils. Objectives. This study represents the first attempt to examine the health toxicity of 16 detected PAHs in contaminated soil, via different exposure pathways to populations in northwestern Algeria. Methods. The toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQ) of PAHs were evaluated. The carcinogenic risk assessment of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways to each PAH in soil are described. Results. Incremental lifetime cancer risk values were in the upper limit of the tolerable range (10−6–10−4) for adults and children. The total cancer risk of PAH-contaminated soils for children, adolescents and adults was 2.48×10−5, 2.04×10−5 and 3.12×10−5mg.kg−1d−1, respectively. The highest potential cancer risks were identified for adults and children, with adolescents having the lowest risks. Across exposure pathways, the dermal contact and ingestion pathways had the greatest contributions to the carcinogenic risk of human exposure to PAHs. Conclusions. Further research and guidelines are needed for risk assessments of PAHs in agricultural, residential/urban, and industrial areas, and further risk assessments should include risks posed by exposure through air. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Alghamdi ◽  
Salwa K. Hassan ◽  
Noura A. Alzahrani ◽  
Marwan Y. Al Sharif ◽  
Mamdouh I. Khoder
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Suburban Schools ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah’s schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, suburban and residential areas of Jeddah. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of classroom-dust-bound PAHs and the health risks to children of PAH exposure. Average PAH concentrations were higher in urban schools than suburban and residential schools. Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(ghi)perylene (BGP), chrysene (CRY) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) at urban and suburban schools and BbF, BGP, fluoranthene (FLT) and indeno (1, 2, 3, −cd)pyrene (IND) at residential schools were the dominant compounds in classroom dust. PAHs with five aromatic rings were the most abundant at all schools. The relative contribution of the individual PAH compounds to total PAH concentrations in the classroom dusts of schools indicate that the study areas do share a common source, vehicle emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios of PAHs, they are emitted from local pyrogenic sources, and traffic is the significant PAH source, with more significant contributions from gasoline-fueled than from diesel cars. Based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPequi) calculations, total carcinogenic activity (TCA) for total PAHs represent 21.59% (urban schools), 20.99% (suburban schools), and 18.88% (residential schools) of total PAH concentrations. DBA and BaP were the most dominant compounds contributing to the TCA, suggesting the importance of BaP and DBA as surrogate compounds for PAHs in this schools. Based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCingestion, ILCRinhalation, ILCRdermal) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR)) calculations, the order of cancer risk was: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Both ingestion and dermal contact are major contributors to cancer risk. Among PAHs, DBA, BaP, BbF, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and IND have the highest ILCR values at all schools. LCR and TLCR values at all schools were lower than 10−6, indicating virtual safety. DBA, BaP and BbF were the predominant contributors to cancer effects in all schools.

Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary ◽  
Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari ◽  
Mohsen Hesami Arani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils from Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekleweini Gereslassie ◽  
Ababo Workineh ◽  
Xiaoning Liu ◽  
Xue Yan ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Central China ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are large groups of ubiquitous environmental pollutants composed of two or more fused aromatic rings. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution, potential sources, and ecological and cancer risks of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Huangpi soils in Wuhan, central China. The soil samples for this study were taken from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths. A modified matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method was applied to extract analytes from the soil samples. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used to determine the concentrations of the compounds. The sum mean concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 138.93 and 154.99 µg kg−1 in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene and fluorene were the most abundant compounds in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depths, respectively. The quantitative values of the pyrogenic index, total index, and diagnostic ratio used in this study showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have a pyrogenic origin. The negligible and maximum permissible concentrations values for naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene indicated a moderate ecological risk. The incremental lifetime cancer risk values for adults and children showed a low and moderate cancer risk, respectively.

Cancer risk assessments of Hong Kong soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2013 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 770-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bon Man ◽  
Yuan Kang ◽  
Hong Sheng Wang ◽  
Winifred Lau ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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