Spinal Cord Tumor Microenvironment

Ependymomas are the most commonly occurring intramedullary spinal cord tumor in adults. With few exceptions these tumors are histologically benign, although they exhibit some biologic variability with respect to growth rate. While unencapsulated, spinal ependymomas are non-infiltrative and present a clear margin of demarcation from the surrounding spinal cord that serves as an effective dissection plane. This video demonstrates the technique of microsurgical resection of an intramedullary ependymoma through a posterior midline myelotomy.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/lcHhymSvSqU.

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Autonomic dysreflexia associated with cervical spinal cord gliofibroma: case report

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02271-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Mizuno ◽

Fumiaki Honda ◽

Hayato Ikota ◽

Yuhei Yoshimoto

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽

Tumor Biopsy ◽

Intramedullary Lesion ◽

First Case ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Paroxysmal Hypertension ◽

Upper And Lower Extremities

Abstract Background Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an abnormal reflex of the autonomic nervous system normally observed in patients with spinal cord injury from the sixth thoracic vertebra and above. AD causes various symptoms including paroxysmal hypertension due to stimulus. Here, we report a case of recurrent AD associated with cervical spinal cord tumor. Case presentation The patient was a 57-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary lesion in the C2, C6, and high Th12 levels. During the course of treatment, sudden loss of consciousness occurred together with abnormal paroxysmal hypertension, marked facial sweating, left upward conjugate gaze deviation, ankylosis of both upper and lower extremities, and mydriasis. Seizures repeatedly occurred, with symptoms disappearing after approximately 30 min. AD associated with cervical spinal cord tumor was diagnosed. Histological examination by tumor biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of gliofibroma. Radiotherapy was performed targeting the entire brain and spinal cord. The patient died approximately 3 months after treatment was started. Conclusions AD is rarely associated with spinal cord tumor, and this is the first case associated with cervical spinal cord gliofibroma. AD is important to recognize, since immediate and appropriate response is required.

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Intraoperative 3T MR Imaging for Spinal Cord Tumor Resection: Feasibility, Timing, and Image Quality Using a “Twin” MR–Operating Room Suite

American Journal of Neuroradiology ◽

10.3174/ajnr.a1134 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1991-1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T.P. Duprez ◽

A. Jankovski ◽

C. Grandin ◽

L. Hermoye ◽

G. Cosnard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Image Quality ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Operating Room ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

3T Mr

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Infantile Spinal Cord Tumor: Diagnostic Difficulties. A Case Report

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B ◽

10.1097/00009957-200201000-00001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Taichi Tsuji ◽

Yukihiro Matsuyama ◽

Koji Sato ◽

Hisashi Iwata

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Case Report ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Diagnostic Difficulties

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An upper thoracic spinal cord tumor presenting as hemifacial hyperhidrosis

Surgical Neurology ◽

10.1016/j.surneu.2006.10.067 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 461-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cumhur Kilinçer ◽

Levent Öztürk ◽

M. Kemal Hamamcioglu ◽

Emre Altunrende ◽

Sebahattin Çobanoglu

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Upper Thoracic

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Intradural spinal endoscopy in children

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2011.4.peds10533 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 107-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joshua J. Chern ◽

Amber S. Gordon ◽

Robert P. Naftel ◽

R. Shane Tubbs ◽

W. Jerry Oakes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Arachnoid Cyst ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Split Cord Malformation ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pediatric Spine ◽

Spinal Cord Malformation ◽

Wide Acceptance ◽

Surgical Adjunct

Intracranial endoscopy in the treatment of hydrocephalus, arachnoid cysts, or brain tumors has gained wide acceptance, but the use of endoscopy for intradural navigation in the pediatric spine has received much less attention. The aim of the authors' present study was to analyze their experience in using spinal endoscopy to treat various pathologies of the spinal canal. The authors performed a retrospective review of intradural spinal endoscopic cases at their institution. They describe 4 representative cases, including an arachnoid cyst, intrinsic spinal cord tumor, holocord syrinx, and split cord malformation. Intradural spinal endoscopy was useful in treating the aforementioned lesions. It resulted in a more limited laminectomy and myelotomy, and it assisted in identifying a residual spinal cord tumor. It was also useful in the fenestration of a multilevel arachnoid cyst and in confirming communication of fluid spaces in the setting of a complex holocord syrinx. Endoscopy aided in the visualization of the spinal cord to ensure the absence of tethering in the case of a long-length Type II split spinal cord malformation. Conclusions Based on their experience, the authors found intradural endoscopy to be a useful surgical adjunct and one that helped to decrease morbidity through reduced laminectomy and myelotomy. With advances in technology, the authors believe that intradural endoscopy will begin to be used by more neurosurgeons for treating diseases of this anatomical region.

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Three Cases of the Spinal Cord Tumor

Orthopedics & Traumatology ◽

10.5035/nishiseisai.22.434 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 434-437

Author(s):

N. Tsunoda ◽

Y. Takemitsu ◽

T. Iwakiri ◽

T. Toyonaga ◽

K. Kuwahara

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor

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Tardy Spinal Cord Tumor Following Avulsive Brachial Plexus Injury: Coincidental or Causal?

World Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.wneu.2010.05.005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 74 (2-3) ◽

pp. 368-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie-Noëlle Hébert-Blouin ◽

Allen T. Bishop ◽

Alexander Y. Shin ◽

Cynthia Wetmore ◽

Robert J. Spinner

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Brachial Plexus ◽

Brachial Plexus Injury ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor

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Recent advances and new discoveries in the pipeline of the treatment of primary spinal tumors and spinal metastases: A scoping review

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab214 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julio C Furlan ◽

Jefferson R Wilson ◽

Eric M Massicotte ◽

Arjun Sahgal ◽

Fehlings G Michael

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Spinal Metastasis ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Spinal Metastases ◽

Spinal Tumors ◽

Spinal Neoplasms ◽

Primary Tumors

Abstract The field of spinal oncology has substantially evolved over the past decades. This review synthesizes and appraises what was learned and what will potentially be discovered from the recently completed and ongoing clinical studies related to the treatment of primary and secondary spinal neoplasms. This scoping review included all clinical studies on the treatment of spinal neoplasms registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov website from February/2000 to December/2020. The terms “spinal cord tumor”, “spinal metastasis”, and “metastatic spinal cord compression” were used. Of the 174 registered clinical studies on primary spinal tumors and spinal metastasis, most of the clinical studies registered in this American registry were interventional studies led by single institutions in North America (n=101), Europe (n=43), Asia (n=24) or other continents (n=6). The registered clinical studies mainly focused on treatment strategies for spinal neoplasms (90.2%) that included investigating stereotactic radiosurgery (n=33), radiotherapy (n=21), chemotherapy (n=20), and surgical technique (n=11). Of the 69 completed studies, the results from 44 studies were published in the literature. In conclusion, this review highlights the key features of the 174 clinical studies on spinal neoplasms that were registered from 2000 to 2020. Clinical trials were heavily skewed towards the metastatic population as opposed to the primary tumours which likely reflects the rarity of the latter condition and associated challenges in undertaking prospective clinical studies in this population. This review serves to emphasize the need for a focused approach to enhancing translational research in spinal neoplasms with a particular emphasis on primary tumors.

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Intramedullary canine spinal cord tumor model

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1984.61.4.0761 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 761-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michael Salcman ◽

Ernesto Botero ◽

Krishna C. V. Rao ◽

Richard D. Broadwell ◽

Eric Scott

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cell Suspension ◽

Spinal Cord Tumor ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Tumor Model ◽

Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽

Content Type ◽

Tumor Cell Suspension ◽

Thoracic Spinal ◽

Ethyl Cyanoacrylate

✓ The development of a transplantable model brain tumor in the neonatal dog, the adaptation of the tumor to tissue culture, and the successful growth of the tumor in adult mongrel dogs has been adapted to producing similar tumors in the thoracic spinal cord of the adult dog. Ten adult dogs, weighing 4 to 25.4 kg each, were subjected to formal laminectomy. The tumor cell suspension was injected by hand with a Hamilton syringe at two or three sites over a distance of 1 cm; each site received an injection volume to 0.02 to 0.05 cc of the cell suspension after the dura had been opened. Immediately after injection the field was copiously irrigated and the puncture area sealed with a single drop of ethyl cyanoacrylate. Tumor cells for injection were obtained by thawing ampules stored at −195°C in a mixture of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and RPMI 1640 culture medium. Cells were resuspended in Hank's balanced salt solution and 15% fetal calf serum on ice. Solutions had 90% cell viability, and animals received a dose in the range of 3 to 13 × 106 cells. Eight animals developed tumors and became paraparetic on the 9th to 14th postinjection day. Metrizamide myelography in three animals revealed complete blocks; two animals underwent spinal computerized tomography (CT) and demonstrated syringohydromyelia. Histology revealed the tumors to be highly vascular primitive neoplasms that invaded the surrounding cord. This spinal cord tumor model is large enough to be operated on, studied by CT and myelography, and subjected to pharmacological, electrophysiological, and blood flow study.

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