Membrane Vesicles from Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Roles During Plant–Pathogen Interactions

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Ofir Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

scholarly journals Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Secretes Proteases and Xylanases via the Xps Type II Secretion System and Outer Membrane Vesicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (17) ◽  
pp. 2879-2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Solé ◽  
Felix Scheibner ◽  
Anne-Katrin Hoffmeister ◽  
Nadine Hartmann ◽  
Gerd Hause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Type Ii Secretion ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Milieu

ABSTRACTMany plant-pathogenic bacteria utilize type II secretion (T2S) systems to secrete degradative enzymes into the extracellular milieu. T2S substrates presumably mediate the degradation of plant cell wall components during the host-pathogen interaction and thus promote bacterial virulence. Previously, the Xps-T2S system fromXanthomonas campestrispv. vesicatoria was shown to contribute to extracellular protease activity and the secretion of a virulence-associated xylanase. The identities and functions of additional T2S substrates fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria, however, are still unknown. In the present study, the analysis of 25 candidate proteins fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria led to the identification of two type II secreted predicted xylanases, a putative protease and a lipase which was previously identified as a virulence factor ofX. campestrispv. vesicatoria. Studies with mutant strains revealed that the identified xylanases and the protease contribute to virulence andin plantagrowth ofX. campestrispv. vesicatoria. When analyzed in the related pathogenX. campestrispv. campestris, several T2S substrates fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria were secreted independently of the T2S systems, presumably because of differences in the T2S substrate specificities of the two pathogens. Furthermore, inX. campestrispv. vesicatoria T2S mutants, secretion of T2S substrates was not completely absent, suggesting the contribution of additional transport systems to protein secretion. In line with this hypothesis, T2S substrates were detected in outer membrane vesicles, which were frequently observed forX. campestrispv. vesicatoria. We, therefore, propose that extracellular virulence-associated enzymes fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria are targeted to the Xps-T2S system and to outer membrane vesicles.IMPORTANCEThe virulence of plant-pathogenic bacteria often depends on TS2 systems, which secrete degradative enzymes into the extracellular milieu. T2S substrates are being studied in several plant-pathogenic bacteria, includingXanthomonas campestrispv. vesicatoria, which causes bacterial spot disease in tomato and pepper. Here, we show that the T2S system fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria secretes virulence-associated xylanases, a predicted protease, and a lipase. Secretion assays with the related pathogenX. campestrispv. campestris revealed important differences in the T2S substrate specificities of the two pathogens. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed that T2S substrates fromX. campestrispv. vesicatoria are targeted to outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Our results, therefore, suggest that OMVs provide an alternative transport route for type II secreted extracellular enzymes.

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

scholarly journals Plant SWEETs: from sugar transport to plant–pathogen interaction and more unexpected physiological roles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Breia ◽  
Artur Conde ◽  
Hélder Badim ◽  
Ana Margarida Fortes ◽  
Hernâni Gerós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Abstract Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed nutrient filling, among other less expected functions. They mediate low affinity and high capacity transport, and in angiosperms this family is composed by 20 paralogs on average. As SWEETs facilitate the efflux of sugars, they are highly susceptible to hijacking by pathogens, making them central players in plant–pathogen interaction. For instance, several species from the Xanthomonas genus are able to upregulate the transcription of SWEET transporters in rice (Oryza sativa), upon the secretion of transcription-activator-like effectors. Other pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea or Erysiphe necator, are also capable of increasing SWEET expression. However, the opposite behavior has been observed in some cases, as overexpression of the tonoplast AtSWEET2 during Pythium irregulare infection restricted sugar availability to the pathogen, rendering plants more resistant. Therefore, a clear-cut role for SWEET transporters during plant–pathogen interactions has so far been difficult to define, as the metabolic signatures and their regulatory nodes, which decide the susceptibility or resistance responses, remain poorly understood. This fuels the still ongoing scientific question: what roles can SWEETs play during plant–pathogen interaction? Likewise, the roles of SWEET transporters in response to abiotic stresses are little understood. Here, in addition to their relevance in biotic stress, we also provide a small glimpse of SWEETs importance during plant abiotic stress, and briefly debate their importance in the particular case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) due to its socioeconomic impact.

scholarly journals Visualising the ionome in resistant and susceptible plant‐pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Brouwer ◽  
P. Lindqvist‐Reis ◽  
D. Pergament Persson ◽  
S. Marttila ◽  
L.J. Grenville‐Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Susceptible Plant ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Monitoring of seed potato plantations and surface waters for plant pathogenic bacteria from the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S45
Author(s):  
Agata Motyka ◽  
Sabina Zoledowska ◽  
Wojciech Sledz ◽  
Marta Potrykus ◽  
Malgorzata Golanowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Advances in functional proteomics to study plant-pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 102061
Author(s):  
James M. Elmore ◽  
Brianna D. Griffin ◽  
Justin W. Walley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Functional Proteomics ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions
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