Introduction: Interaction, Circulation and the Transgression of Cultural Differences in the History of Knowledge-Making

This paper deals with various reasons for treating the problematisation of textbook discourse as an important aspect of its educational design. These reasons are derived from: the nature of learning process, the nature of scientific knowledge and both motivational and cognitive saint achieved through a problematisation of learning material. Implications drawn from these considerations, along with textbook genre possibilities and constrains, lead us to define some basic strategies of textbook discourse problematisation. They refer to: way of presenting knowledge (problem structuring of text, presenting the history of knowledge and different perspectives); use of specific questions and tasks; metacognitive support of the learning process and specific type of textbook language (dialogical problem focused, language of thinking).

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evolution of thesauri and the history of knowledge organization

Brazilian Journal of Information Science ◽

10.36311/1981-1640.2016.v10n1.01.p1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Garcia Marco

Keyword(s):

User Interface ◽

Resource Discovery ◽

Point Of View ◽

Knowledge Mapping ◽

History Of Knowledge ◽

Internet Searching ◽

Search Processes ◽

History Of ◽

And Control

Thesauri are considered as an optimum between maximum ontological modelling (best knowledge mapping) and minimal alphabetic ordering (less expensive access). From this point of view a swift history of its evolution is provided. The recent evolutions in Internet searching are also analysed from this perspective. In this context, there is an immediate role for thesauri to ensure interoperability and feed up the new Internet semantic engines; and in the long term as a simple semantic user interface for resource discovery and navigation, which ensures proper transparency and control by the user who wants to take the effort to supervise and analyse its search processes. It is proposed that better devices for ensuring semantic sorting are provided when necessary, and that a distributed hub for thesauri interconnection is provided, perhaps using the existent big open Internet semantic facilities, as Wikipedia

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The History of Science and the History of Knowledge

Philosophical Literary Journal Logos ◽

10.22394/0869-5377-2020-1-63-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 63-90

Keyword(s):

History Of Science ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Modern Science ◽

Manhattan Project ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Contemporary History ◽

History Of Knowledge ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

History Of ◽

High Level

The article examines the state of the history of science as a discipline and its objectives in the context of its origins and current transformations. The establishment of this discipline and its assumptions about the nature of science together with its goals and structure are briefly discussed. The history of science became a discipline only at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, and its start is associated with the work of chemist James Conant, a high-level administrator in Manhattan project who was also president of Harvard University and a high-ranking bureaucrat. It was based also on the narrative developed by Alfred North Whitehead, Edwin Burtt, Alexandre Koyré and other historians of science, which claimed modern science was the creator of modernity and a necessary condition for the geopolitical domination of the West. In that understanding, modern science meant science since the time of Galileo and Newton. The author provides a critical analysis of this foundation narrative for the discipline and of its consequences while showing how contemporary history of science has overcome it. The contradiction between modernism and historicism has been resolved in favor of the latter. A key role in this was played by the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn, which held the potential to undo the presumed monolithic unity of science by rejecting teleology and introducing incommensurability and discontinuities into the historical process. By rejecting explanation of the knowledge of other times and places in terms of modern science, the discipline faced a radical multiplication of independent types of knowledge. This was facilitated by the reorientation to the study of knowledge practices that took place in the 1980s. As a result, the subject matter of the history of science began to erode, and this launched discussion of the prospects for a transition to a history of knowledge based on the study of practices. The sweep of this change of vision is illustrated by the example of classifying sciences according to both their subject matter and the similarities in their research practices. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the new discipline along with its prospects and the challenges it faces are discussed.

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Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

10.51240/jibe.2018.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 105-157

Author(s):

Thomas Bradley ◽

Paul Eberle

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Transition Economies ◽

Transition Period ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

Cultural Dimension ◽

Factory Workers ◽

Cultural Characteristics ◽

History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

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