Eye for an Eye: A Comparative Account on Compound Eye of Drosophila melanogaster with Vertebrate Eye

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Arushi Rai ◽  
Sonia Narwal ◽  
Harsh Kanodia ◽  
Meghana Tare
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Vertebrate Eye

The transmembrane protein, Tincar, is involved in the development of the compound eye in Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hirota ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto ◽  
Kuniaki Takahashi ◽  
Ryu Ueda ◽  
Hideyuki Okano
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Transmembrane Protein

A concave microwell array fabricated using the ommatidium of the common fruit fly for efficient cell culture

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (69) ◽  
pp. 64266-64270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Shravage ◽  
Shefali Ramteke ◽  
Prasad Kulkarni ◽  
Dhananjay Bodas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Microwell Array ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Mcf 7

Top left: SEM of compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster replica in PDMS. Bottom left: SEM of MCF-7 cell grown in the micro well. Bottom right: confocal of the MCF-7 cells grown for 72 h.

scholarly journals The brown protein of Drosophila melanogaster is similar to the white protein and to components of active transport complexes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5206-5215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Dreesen ◽  
D H Johnson ◽  
S Henikoff
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
White Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Sequence Similarities

The brown gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for deposition of pteridine pigments in the compound eye and other tissues. We isolated a ca. 150-kilobase region including brown by microdissection and chromosome walking using cosmids. Among the cDNAs identified by hybridization to the cosmids, one class hybridized to a genomic region that is interrupted in two brown mutants, bw and In(2LR)CK, and to 2.8- and 3.0-kilobase poly(A)+ RNAs which are altered in the mutants. Nucleotide sequencing of these cDNAs revealed that the two transcripts differ as a consequence of alternative poly(A) addition and that both encode the same predicted protein of 675 amino acids. Searches of available databases for amino acid sequence similarities detected a striking overall similarity of this predicted protein to that of the D. melanogaster white gene. The N-terminal portion aligned with the HisP family of membrane-associated ATP-binding proteins, most of which are subunits of active transport complexes in bacteria, and to two regions of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. The C-terminal portion showed a structural similarity to integral membrane components of the same complexes. Taken together with earlier biochemical evidence that brown and white gene products are necessary for uptake of a pteridine precursor and genetic evidence that brown and white proteins interact, our results are consistent with suggestions that these proteins are subunits of a pteridine precursor permease.

scholarly journals Homothorax controls a binary Rhodopsin switch in Drosophila ocelli

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. e1009460
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Mishra ◽  
Cornelia Fritsch ◽  
Roumen Voutev ◽  
Richard S. Mann ◽  
Simon G. Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Ancestral Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
A Cell

Visual perception of the environment is mediated by specialized photoreceptor (PR) neurons of the eye. Each PR expresses photosensitive opsins, which are activated by a particular wavelength of light. In most insects, the visual system comprises a pair of compound eyes that are mainly associated with motion, color or polarized light detection, and a triplet of ocelli that are thought to be critical during flight to detect horizon and movements. It is widely believed that the evolutionary diversification of compound eye and ocelli in insects occurred from an ancestral visual organ around 500 million years ago. Concurrently, opsin genes were also duplicated to provide distinct spectral sensitivities to different PRs of compound eye and ocelli. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Rhodopsin1 (Rh1) and Rh2 are closely related opsins that originated from the duplication of a single ancestral gene. However, in the visual organs, Rh2 is uniquely expressed in ocelli whereas Rh1 is uniquely expressed in outer PRs of the compound eye. It is currently unknown how this differential expression of Rh1 and Rh2 in the two visual organs is controlled to provide unique spectral sensitivities to ocelli and compound eyes. Here, we show that Homothorax (Hth) is expressed in ocelli and confers proper rhodopsin expression. We find that Hth controls a binary Rhodopsin switch in ocelli to promote Rh2 expression and repress Rh1 expression. Genetic and molecular analysis of rh1 and rh2 supports that Hth acts through their promoters to regulate Rhodopsin expression in the ocelli. Finally, we also show that when ectopically expressed in the retina, hth is sufficient to induce Rh2 expression only at the outer PRs in a cell autonomous manner. We therefore propose that the diversification of rhodpsins in the ocelli and retinal outer PRs occurred by duplication of an ancestral gene, which is under the control of Homothorax.

scholarly journals A tripartite interaction among alleles of Notch, Delta, and Enhancer of split during imaginal development of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
S B Shepard ◽  
S A Broverman ◽  
M A Muskavitch
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Recessive Allele ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Notch Locus ◽  
Tripartite Interaction ◽  
Extragenic Suppressors ◽  
Enhancer Of Split

Abstract A dramatic example of a phenotypic interaction that involves neurogenic loci during Drosophila imaginal development is the synergistic impact of split (spl), a recessive allele of the Notch locus, and E(spl)D, a dominant gain-of-function allele of the Enhancer of split locus, on morphogenesis of the compound eye. Screens for mutations that relieve the enhancing effect of E(spl)D on spl have yielded three classes of mutations: intragenic revertants of the E(spl)D allele, extragenic suppressors that are allelic to the neurogenic gene Delta (Dl) and unlinked extragenic modifiers. Analysis of the suppression of the spl-E(spl)D interaction by various Dl alleles indicates that this modification is sensitive to the dosage of the Dl locus. This tripartite interaction illustrates the combinatorial action of N, Dl and E(spl) during imaginal development.

scholarly journals Drosophila R8 photoreceptor cell subtype specification requires Notch and hibris

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Tan ◽  
Ruth E. Fulton ◽  
Wen-Hai Chou ◽  
Denise A. Birkholz ◽  
Meridee P. Mannino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Photoreceptor Cell ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Color Sensitivity ◽  
Different Types

AbstractCell differentiation and cell fate determination in sensory systems are essential for stimulus discrimination and coding of environmental stimuli. Color vision is based on the differential color sensitivity of retinal photoreceptors, however the developmental programs that control photoreceptor cell differentiation and specify color sensitivity are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, there is evidence that the color sensitivity of different photoreceptors in the compound eye is regulated by inductive signals between cells, but the exact nature of these signals and how they are propagated remains unknown. We conducted a genetic screen to identify additional regulators of this process and identified a novel mutation in the hibris gene. hibris encodes an irre cell recognition module protein (IRM). These immunoglobulin super family cell adhesion molecules include human neph and nephrin (NPHS1). hibris is expressed dynamically in the developing Drosophila melanogaster eye and loss-of-function mutations give rise to a diverse range of mutant phenotypes including disruption of the specification of R8 photoreceptors cell diversity. The specification of blue or green sensitivity in R8 cells is also dependent upon Notch signaling. We demonstrate that hibris is required within the retina, non-cell autonomously for these effects, suggesting an additional layer of complexity in the signaling process that produces paired expression of opsin genes in adjacent R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells.Author SummaryAs humans, our ability to distinguish different colors is dependent upon the presence of three different types of cone cell neurons in the retina of the eye. The cone cells express blue, green or red absorbing visual pigments that detect and discriminate between these colors. The principle of color discrimination by neurons “tuned” to different colors is an evolutionarily conserved specialization that occurs in many different animals. This specialization requires 1) visual pigments that detect different colors and 2) a developmental program that regulates the expression of these pigments in different types of cells. In this study we discovered that the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) gene hibris is required for the developmental program that produces blue sensitive neurons in the fly retina. When we over-expressed hibris throughout the developing retina, extra blue sensitive cells were produced. These results demonstrate that if there is not enough hibris, too few blue sensitive cells form, but if there is too much hibris, too many blue sensitive cells form. Finally, we discovered that the hibris gene does not act in color sensitive neurons of the retina themselves. This surprising discovery suggests that hibris may influence development of the retina in a completely new and different way.

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