Low Power Wide Area Network: Technical Review for Wireless sensor Networks and Its Utilization in Smart Cities Deployment Through Internet of Things (IoT) System

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Diego F. Paredes-Páliz ◽  
Edgar Maya-Olalla ◽  
José C. Nogales-Romero ◽  
Cristian A. Padilla-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Technical Review

scholarly journals Worldwide Connectivity for the Internet of Things Through LoRaWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vangelista ◽  
Marco Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) paradigm is gradually gaining market acceptance. In particular, three prominent LPWAN technologies are emerging at the moment: LoRaWAN™ and SigFox™, which operate on unlicensed frequency bands, and NB-IoT, operating on licensed frequency bands. This paper deals with LoRaWAN™, and has the aim of describing a particularly interesting feature provided by the latest LoRaWAN™ specification—often neglected in the literature—i.e., the roaming capability between different operators of LoRaWAN™ networks, across the same country or even different countries. Recalling that LoRaWAN™ devices do not have a subscriber identification module (SIM) like cellular network terminals, at a first glance the implementation of roaming in LoRaWAN™ networks could seem intricate. The contribution of this paper consists in explaining the principles behind the implementation of a global LoRaWAN network, with particular focus on how to cope with the lack of the SIM in the architecture and how to realize roaming.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Method for Wireless Sensor Networks Low-Power Radio Operation in Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Amiri Nasab ◽  
Shahaboddin Shamshirband ◽  
Anthony Theodore Chronopoulos ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Narjes Nabipur
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Duty Cycles

The radio operation in wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications are the most common source for power consumption. However, recognizing and controlling the factors affecting radio operation can be valuable for managing the node power consumption. ContikiMAC is a low-power Radio Duty-Cycle protocol in Contiki OS used in WakeUp mode, which is a clear channel assessment (CCA) to check radio status periodically. The time spent to check the radio is of utmost importance for monitoring power consumption. It can lead to false WakeUp or idle listening in Radio Duty-Cycles and ContikiMAC. This paper presents a detailed analysis of radio WakeUp time factors of ContikiMAC. Then, we propose lightweight CCA (LW-CCA) as an extension to ContikiMAC to reduce the percentage of Radio Duty-Cycles in false WakeUps and idle listenings by using dynamic received signal strength indicators (RSSI) status check time. The simulation results in the Cooja simulator show that LW-CCA reduces about 8% energy consumption in nodes while maintaining up to 99% of the packet delivery rate (PDR).

scholarly journals Security Risk Analysis of LoRaWAN and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Butun ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mikael Gidlund
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Future Directions

LoRa (along with its upper layers definition—LoRaWAN) is one of the most promising Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies for implementing Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications. Although being a popular technology, several works in the literature have revealed vulnerabilities and risks regarding the security of LoRaWAN v1.0 (the official 1st specification draft). The LoRa-Alliance has built upon these findings and introduced several improvements in the security and architecture of LoRa. The result of these efforts resulted in LoRaWAN v1.1, released on 11 October 2017. This work aims at reviewing and clarifying the security aspects of LoRaWAN v1.1. By following ETSI guidelines, we provide a comprehensive Security Risk Analysis of the protocol and discuss several remedies to the security risks described. A threat catalog is presented, along with discussions and analysis in view of the scale, impact, and likelihood of each threat. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is one of the first of its kind, by providing a detailed security risk analysis related to the latest version of LoRaWAN. Our analysis highlights important practical threats, such as end-device physical capture, rogue gateway and self-replay, which require particular attention by developers and organizations implementing LoRa networks.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bidirectional ADR-Enabled Class B LoRaWAN Networks in Industrial Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7964
Author(s):  
David Todoli-Ferrandis ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá ◽  
Ana Planes-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Class B

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are becoming a widespread solution for wireless deployments in many applications, such as smart cities or Industry 4.0. However, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as energy consumption and robustness. To characterize and optimize these types of networks, the authors have developed an optimized use of the adaptative data rate (ADR) mechanism for uplink, proposed its use also for downlink based on the simulator ns-3, and then defined an industrial scenario to test and validate the proposed solution in terms of packet loss and energy.

scholarly journals Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2225-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Ikpehai ◽  
Bamidele Adebisi ◽  
Khaled M. Rabie ◽  
Kelvin Anoh ◽  
Ruth E. Ande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Network Technologies
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