Perceptions of Teletubbyland: Public Opinions of SuDS Devices Installed at Eco-designed Motorway Service Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Mark Gazzard ◽  
Colin A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinions ◽  
Service Areas

Suicide-Related Crimes in Contemporary European Criminal Laws

Crisis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
National Affair ◽  
Attitudes Towards Suicide ◽  
Special Circumstances

This article describes suicide-related penal legislation in contemporary Europe, and analyzes and relates the results to cultural attitudes towards suicide and to national suicide rates. Data were obtained from 42 legal entities. Of these, 34 have penal regulations which - according to definition - chiefly and directly deal with suicide. There are three main types of act: aiding suicide, abetting suicide, and driving to suicide. The laws vary considerably with regard to which acts are sanctioned, how severely they are punished, and whether any special circumstances such as the motive, the result, or the object can make the crime more serious. Various ideologies have inspired legislation: religions, the euthanasia movement, and suicide prevention have all left their mark. There are some cases in which neighboring legal systems have clearly influenced laws on the topic. However, the process seems mostly to have been a national affair, resulting in surprisingly large discrepancies between European legal systems. The laws seem to reflect public opinions: countries which punish the crimes harder have significantly less permissive cultural attitudes towards suicide. Likewise, suicide rates were significantly higher in countries with a narrow scope of criminalization and milder punishments for suicide-related crimes. The cultural and normative elements of society are connected with its suicide mortality.

The Personal Setting of Public Opinions: A Study of Attitudes Toward Russia

1947 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brewster Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinions

scholarly journals Public opinions and knowledge about microorganisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Andreja Špernjak ◽  
Anja Jug Puhmeister ◽  
Andrej Šorgo
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinions

Social media, sentiment and public opinions: Evidence from #Brexit and #USElection

2021 ◽  
pp. 103772
Author(s):  
Yuriy Gorodnichenko ◽  
Tho Pham ◽  
Oleksandr Talavera
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Media Sentiment

COVID-19, Security Threats and Public Opinions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bove ◽  
Riccardo Di Leo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Terrorist Violence

AbstractThroughout the coronavirus outbreak, politicians and commentators have often adopted a war-like rhetoric, invoking a language more often associated to terrorist violence, rather than epidemics. Although COVID-19 represents primarily a public health emergency, not inflicted by human agency, there are similarities in the type and scope of regulations governments have introduced to tackle the virus and to respond to terrorist attacks. In this article, we first ask what we can learn from the extant studies on the attitudinal and emotional consequences of terrorism, relating it to recent research on public opinions in the wake of COVID-19, in order to better understand and predict how the pandemic will influence public sentiments. We then analyze how attitudes can shift when a critical event not only threatens the population of a country as a whole, but directly affects its political leader. Leveraging recently released survey data, we show how the announcement of Angela Merkel’s quarantine significantly dampened the trust in and the credibility of her government, although this effect was short-lived.

Continuous Approximation Model for Hybrid Flexible Transit Systems with Low Demand Density

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199713
Author(s):  
Charalampos Sipetas ◽  
Eric J. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Agency Cost ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Continuous Approximation ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Service Areas

Flexible transit systems are a way to address challenges associated with conventional fixed route and fully demand responsive systems. Existing studies indicate that such systems are often planned and designed without established guidelines, and optimization techniques are rarely implemented on actual flexible systems. This study presents a hybrid transit system where the degree of flexibility can vary from a fixed route service (with no flexibility) to a fully flexible transit system. Such a system is expected to be beneficial in areas where the best transit solution lies between the fixed route and fully flexible systems. Continuous approximation techniques are implemented to model and optimize the stop spacing on a fixed route corridor, as well as the boundaries of the flexible region in a corridor. Both user and agency costs are considered in the optimization process. A numerical analysis compares various service areas and demand densities using input variables with magnitudes similar to those of real-world case studies. Sensitivity analysis is performed for service headway, percent of demand served curb-to-curb, and user and agency cost weights in the optimization process. The analytical models are evaluated through simulations. The hybrid system proposed here achieves estimated user benefits of up to 35% when compared with fixed route systems, under different case scenarios. Flexible systems are particularly beneficial for serving corridors with low or uncertain demand. This provides value for corridors with low demand density as well as communities in which transit ridership has dropped significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document