Komunikasi Politik dan Branding Pemimpin Politik Melalui Media Sosial: A Conceptual Paper

The presence of digital media, such as social media allows us to connect without any limitations of space and time. Consumption of social media brings changes in various aspects of life, including the habits of communicating and interacting in today's network society. In the political field, social media creates opportunities for political leaders to carry out political communication. As a strategic political communication channel, social media plays a role in receiving and responding to public aspirations. In fact, the use of social media for campaigns by political leaders shows a trend of increasing popularity and electability due to the influence of branding on social media. The use of social media by political leaders in building specific branding is at the core of this article. Political leaders optimize their personal social media accounts for political communication. The positive perception of the public allows for an increase in popularity and electability which brings to the national political stage. This article is a conceptual paper that analyzes the concept of branding in politics in the era of digital political communication by utilizing social media. The author uses relevant literature reviews from previous studies. This article reveals that several political leaders that have been studied have optimized social media to carry out political communication to their citizens. They display digital content to gain public support and trust, and display branding as a populist, professional, humanist, and responsible political leader.

Language Markers of Leadership in Political Discourse

Leadership as an indispensable element of social relations is an object of research within different schools of thought; however, its common understanding has not been developed yet. Different authors share the opinion that leadership includes authority, ability to lead, take decisions, influence people, organize and structure group interaction, unite people to achieve a goal. In linguistics it is studied in sociolinguistics, political and anthropological linguistics. In the research the authors aim at detecting special language markers of leadership in the speech of a political leader which are verbalized by language means of different language layers, while their choice depends on sociocultural codes shared by the leader, typical of certain linguoculture, age, social, professional group, and stipulated by individual features of the leader’s personality. Considering the existing approaches to linguistic markers analysis, the authors point out at the relevance of sociolinguistic and athropolinguistic approaches, as these markers lie in the area of intersection of social dialect and leader’s idiolect. On the material of the interview of V.V. Putin to NBC journalist the authors attempt to detect, describe and classify markers of leadership in the political leader’ discourse. To define the lexical means of verbalization of leadership the authors employ the theoretical insights of conceptual fields theory. Pragmarhetoric markers are studied through speech acts theory. The research proved the authors’ hypothesis that a leader’s speech contains a multi-level complex of language markers of leadership, i.e. lexical and pragmarhetoric units which express the phenomenon of leadership in the discourse of a political leader.

La comunicazione di Matteo Salvini durante la pandemia: l’immigrazione e la delegittimazione dell’avversario politico

Following the critical discourse analysis approach, this article intends to highlight how the anti-immigration perspective is (re)produced within the Facebook page of the Italian political leader Matteo Salvini during the pandemic scenario between March 2020–March 2021. Quantitative and qualitative analysis have been applied to Salvini’s posts and users’ comments aiming at identifying the linguistic strategies that contribute to instrumentalizing the emergency and aim to reinforce the process of “securitization” of national borders as well as the re-legitimation of national identities. Findings suggest that the main discursive strategies used by the political leader do not include migrants as a danger for the spread of the virus. Rather, Salvini systematically organized the migratory narration on negative campaigning blaming political opponents and recontextualized the moralization of borders. The contribution helps to reveal how the anti-migration discourse is reproduced during the COVID-19 outbreak and how the politicization of the migration serves as a context for the normalization of migrant’s exclusion.

Max Weber and political theology of Friedrich Naumann

In the Weberian literature, it has been repeatedly noted that there is no serious theological interest in the most important provisions of the sociology of religion by Max Weber. This seems paradoxical given the religious-theological context for the development of Webers intellectual project of the social-theoretical hermeneutics of Western modernity. In the first part of the article, the author reconstructs the family and friends religious constellation which determined Webers understanding of the existential significance of religious meanings for certain groups of the modern era. The author mentions Webers close ties with a number of leading theologians of Germany in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, which influenced the heuristics of his writings. The second part of the article focuses on the multifaceted figure of Friedrich Naumann, a public intellectual, who was a Protestant pastor and a reactionary-conservative theologian and became a spiritual-political leader of the German left liberals. The author shows the initial ambivalence of the political-religious situation in the German Empire in the 1880s-1890s, in which Naumann tried to combine Christianity and socialism, and provides a brief overview of the young theologian and social activists gradual turning into a prominent figure of the German journalism and politics. In the third part of the article, the author describes the meeting of two thinkers as fateful for both Weber and Naumann, and emphasizes a radical turn in the worldview of the famous religious theorist and practitioner, who under the powerful influence of Webers personality and argumentation gave up both many previous ideas and pastors office. In conclusion, the author identifies the paradigmatic nature of Naumans ideological-political evolution as typical for a significant part of German intellectuals at the beginning of the 20th century, and considers Naumanns Hegelian acceptance of the modern nation-state as the highest value (following Weber) as a self-fulfilling diagnosis for the crisis modernity on the eve of the First World War catastrophe.

On Ballance: a Biography of John Ballance, Journalist and Politician, 1839-1893

<p>This thesis is a biography of John Ballance, New Zealand's first Liberal Premier. It examines his career as journalist and politician, from his arrival in New Zealand and Wanganui in 1866 until his death in 1893. Ballance is viewed from a number of different perspectives: as editor and owner of a 'frontier' town's newspaper, as a prominent Wanganui personality closely involved in promoting local development, as Member of the House of Representatives and, finally, as a national political leader. The first chapter looks briefly at Ballance's early life in the north of Ireland and Birmingham. Chapter two then discusses his arrival in Wanganui, the establishment of the Evening Herald, and his participation in the war against Titokowaru. The following chapter begins with an examination of Ballance's attitude to political and economic issues of the 1870s, in particular his opposition to the provincial system, and ends with his entering Parliament for the first time in 1875. A little over two years later he became Colonial Treasurer in the Grey Government (chapter four). Chapter five covers the period 1879 to 1884, and Ballance's only electoral defeat, in 1881. Chapter six examines the broad base of his liberal philosophy, and shows how its different strands are inter-related, all pointing to a democratic, secular society, with considerable emphasis on individual and national self-reliance. In 1884 Ballance re-entered Parliament, and became Minister of Lands and Native Minister in the Stout-Vogel Government. His activities and initiatives when holding these two portfolios are the subject of chapter seven. Chapters eight and nine lead up to the crucial election of 1890. Ballance, after some initial hesitation, accepted the leadership of the Opposition in 1889. Land reform predominated his campaign at the election. Chapters ten to twelve discuss Ballance in power (1891-93). His major problem was to secure and consolidate the new Liberal regime, in the face of opposition to government measures from the Legislative Council and an alleged withdrawal of capital from the country. Ballance's reaction was to pursue a non-borrowing, self-reliant policy, and to establish a Liberal Federation to organise support for the Government at grass roots level. The conclusion discusses the 'Ballance tradition'.</p>

On Ballance: a Biography of John Ballance, Journalist and Politician, 1839-1893

<p>This thesis is a biography of John Ballance, New Zealand's first Liberal Premier. It examines his career as journalist and politician, from his arrival in New Zealand and Wanganui in 1866 until his death in 1893. Ballance is viewed from a number of different perspectives: as editor and owner of a 'frontier' town's newspaper, as a prominent Wanganui personality closely involved in promoting local development, as Member of the House of Representatives and, finally, as a national political leader. The first chapter looks briefly at Ballance's early life in the north of Ireland and Birmingham. Chapter two then discusses his arrival in Wanganui, the establishment of the Evening Herald, and his participation in the war against Titokowaru. The following chapter begins with an examination of Ballance's attitude to political and economic issues of the 1870s, in particular his opposition to the provincial system, and ends with his entering Parliament for the first time in 1875. A little over two years later he became Colonial Treasurer in the Grey Government (chapter four). Chapter five covers the period 1879 to 1884, and Ballance's only electoral defeat, in 1881. Chapter six examines the broad base of his liberal philosophy, and shows how its different strands are inter-related, all pointing to a democratic, secular society, with considerable emphasis on individual and national self-reliance. In 1884 Ballance re-entered Parliament, and became Minister of Lands and Native Minister in the Stout-Vogel Government. His activities and initiatives when holding these two portfolios are the subject of chapter seven. Chapters eight and nine lead up to the crucial election of 1890. Ballance, after some initial hesitation, accepted the leadership of the Opposition in 1889. Land reform predominated his campaign at the election. Chapters ten to twelve discuss Ballance in power (1891-93). His major problem was to secure and consolidate the new Liberal regime, in the face of opposition to government measures from the Legislative Council and an alleged withdrawal of capital from the country. Ballance's reaction was to pursue a non-borrowing, self-reliant policy, and to establish a Liberal Federation to organise support for the Government at grass roots level. The conclusion discusses the 'Ballance tradition'.</p>

UNCERTAINTY IN BUSINESS VALUATION FOR TAX PURPOSES

An important but often neglected aspect in business valuation for tax purposes is uncertainty. It is known in the literature that changes in economic structure, people’s behavior, business risk, or political leader are expected. Unfortunately, these factors cannot be effectively measured and reported in business valuation for tax purposes. As such, most business valuations for tax purposes are unable to capture uncertainty adequately. Valuation reports under a tax investigation process only present an estimated value in the form of a single value, which is unable to represent uncertainty sufficiently. This paper aims to demonstrate a method to quantify uncertain variables into the business valuation for tax purposes. The research engaged scenario analysis to arrive in three different possible value estimates, and Monte Carlo simulation to take uncertainties into accountto produce a frequency distribution containing all possible values between predetermined limits. Using the range of value produced in the simulation, a taxpayer will have more complete information to decide whether taxpayers submit an undervalue report or not.

Political Image of the Regional Leader on Instagram

The article is devoted to the study of the features of modern political communication in the context of society networkization. The interaction of a regional political leader and society in the sign-symbolic space of political communication is considered.The purpose of this paper is to identify the main image-role semantic constructs, which are reflected in the messages of the head of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, posted by him on the popular Internet platform for social media Instagram. In addition to establishing the most actively used semantic image-role constructs, the research determines the degree of it`s popularity and the level of it`s approval among the audience of this Internet platform.The qualitative and quantitative type of content analysis was chosen as the main applied research method. In addition to it, a comparative analysis method is used. The conceptual basis of the research is formed by the theory of the information society, as well as the concepts of “network image”, “digitalization policy” and “network identity”.According to the results of the conducted content analysis, it was found that more often than others in the messages posted on the studied official Internet page of the political leader in Instagram, such an image-role construct as an “organizer” is presented. This corresponds to the type of leadership characteristic of this political leader. Among the entries that aroused a relatively increased attention of the audience of the Internet platform, there are messages where a number of image-role constructs are presented, including: “crisis manager”, “organizer”, “team player”, “builder”, “open leader, hearing society” and “business executive”. Such a uniform distribution of the audience’s interest in it`s functional and semantic constructs may be explained by the fact that the head of the region is actively paying attention to each of the designated thematic areas.The highest level of approval from the audience of the Internet platform was received by the messages, which reflected such image-role constructs as “family man” and “leader looking to the future”. Considering the relatively inactive use of the designated semantic constructs by the head of the region in the messages posted on his official Instagram page, it is noted that an increase in the number of messages, which would reflect these image-role constructs, may enhance the leader’s positive image and, as a result, the level of his support in society.

Main directions and possible economic consequences of Baiden's migration policy

The article analyzes the directions and economic consequences of the immigration policy pursued by the Biden administration in the context of global shifts taking place in the modern world, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the internal political situation in the country. Today we can talk about the transitional state of the entire global system of social relations, we can talk about the situation of world transition that humanity is going through, which is reflected in the instability of the modern world, in the state of general uncertainty that society is experiencing. The growing chaos inevitably accompanies the process of destruction of the old order of things – institutions, mechanisms of interaction, actors; it has a significant impact even on countries in which there were no doubts about the stability of the situation before. We observe a picture of the growing fragility of the foundations of social existence today in the United States, which until recently was the only and unconditional world economic and political leader. The current situation both in the country and in the world is unlikely to allow the American president to ignore the realities of life, including economic ones, being completely in captivity of a purely ideological discourse, and this is already happening.