scholarly journals Decision-making Strategies for Automated Driving in Urban Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Artuñedo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Automated Driving

Dynamics of Trust in Automation and Interactive Decision Making during Driving Simulation Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 786-790
Author(s):  
Lucero Rodriguez Rodriguez ◽  
Carlos Bustamante Orellana ◽  
Jayci Landfair ◽  
Corey Magaldino ◽  
Mustafa Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Interactive Decision Making ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
The Impact

As technological advancements and lowered costs make self-driving cars available to more people, it becomes important to understand the dynamics of human-automation interactions for safety and efficacy. We used a dynamical approach to examine data from a previous study on simulated driving with an automated driving assistant. To maximize effect size in this preliminary study, we focused the current analysis on the two lowest and two highest-performing participants. Our visual comparisons were the utilization of the automated system and the impact of perturbations. Low-performing participants toggled and maintained reliance either on automation or themselves for longer periods of time. Decision making of high-performing participants was using the automation briefly and consistently throughout the driving task. Participants who displayed an early understanding of automation capabilities opted for tactical use. Further exploration of individual differences and automation usage styles will help to understand the optimal human-automation-team dynamic and increase safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Modeling Ethical and Operational Preferences in Automated Driving Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Caballero ◽  
Roi Naveiro ◽  
David Ríos Insua
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Multiattribute Utility ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Strategic Trade ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Trade Offs

Whereas automated driving technology has made tremendous gains in the last decade, significant questions remain regarding its integration into society. Given its revolutionary nature, the use of automated driving systems (ADSs) is accompanied by myriad novel quandaries relating to both operational and ethical concerns that are relevant to numerous stakeholders (e.g., governments, manufacturers, and passengers). When considering any such problem, the ADS’s decision-making calculus is always a central component. This is true for concerns about public perception and trust to others regarding explainability and legal certainty. Therefore, in this manuscript, we set forth a general decision-analytic framework tailorable to multitudinous stakeholders. More specifically, we develop and validate a generic tree of ADS management objectives, explore potential attributes for their measurement, and provide multiattribute utility functions for implementation. Given the contention surrounding numerous ethical concerns in ADS operations, we explore how each of the aforementioned components can be tailored in accordance with the stakeholder’s desired ethical perspective. A simulation environment is developed upon which our framework is tested. Within this environment we illustrate how our approach can be leveraged by stakeholders to make strategic trade-offs regarding ADS behavior and to inform policymaking efforts. In so doing, our framework is demonstrated as a practical, tractable, and transparent means of modeling ADS decision making.

scholarly journals Designer food webs: from build-it-and-they-will-come to intentionality-in-design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Felson ◽  
Aaron M Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Multiple Intersections

Anthropogenic landscapes provide opportunities for ecologists to deliberately and intentionally design urban food webs. Ecologists working as full, collaborative partners with designers can construct functional food webs for urban environments that benefit society. As a first step, ecologists can learn to partner with designers by translating ecological knowledge at scales relevant to design strategies and decision-making. Building relationships at multiple intersections within a designed project is essential for fostering co-generated strategies to achieve functional food webs in a designed and aesthetic urban context. Designing diverse, self-sustaining, urban food webs will require testing, monitoring, and adaptive management. Here, we discuss relevant ecological theory and explore case studies illustrating aspects of the design process and opportunities for designing and constructing food webs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Structural Conditions and Cultural Inertia on Water Usage and Landscape Decision-Making in a California Metropolitan Area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Katti ◽  
Andrew R. Jones ◽  
Derya Özgöç Çağlar ◽  
Henry D. Delcore ◽  
Kaberi Kar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Group Interviews

Urban development and planning are increasingly centered on matters of sustainability, balancing economic development with ecosystem services and biotic structures within urban environments. In addition to these institutional and structural factors, the decision-making process within individual households must be understood to address rising concerns about water use. Therefore, individual characteristics and preferences that influence the use of water also warrant examination. In response to a survey of occupants of single-family residences in the Fresno Clovis Metropolitan Area of California, contextual interviews and focus group interviews with a homeowner sub-sample, we find evidence of an interplay of social-structural, institutional, and cultural factors involved in influencing individual water use behaviors and landscape decision making. The complexity of residential behaviors and decision-making poses some potential issues with regards to the interactions between individual households and institutional actors in matters of water usage and landscaping, as survey respondents indicate relatively little confidence in institutions and groups to make wise water policy decisions. We conclude that the promotion and implementation of sustainable water use practices will require not only environmental education for the citizenry, but also a tailoring of information for environmental educational initiatives that address the particularities of individual neighborhoods and communities.

scholarly journals Prototype of Mobile Device to Contribute in Urban Mobility of the Visually Impaired People

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Amorim ◽  
Fernando Santil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Blind Individuals

The vision can be used to recognize images and to improve mental pictures of environments. Visually impaired people feel a lack of aid for their independent or facilitated urban mobility, which can be achieved with the use of mobile devices and cartographic tools using audiovisual outputs. This work raises issues about urban mobility for the accessibility of visually impaired people in areas still unexplored by them, it uses cartographic technologies in electronic devices. For a preview of the test area located in Monte Carmelo (MG), a tactile model was used to form the first image of the eight volunteers. Results were obtained through research with not blind and blind individuals, it validated the use of áreas’s mobile registration prototype positioning in field or not, when the coordinates from the objects are known for registration. The results indicate that both the tactile model and the audiovisual prototype can be used by blind and non-blind people. Above all, the prototype proved to be a viable and adequate option for decision making in urban environments. New ways of presenting data to blind or otherwise blind people can still be studied.

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