Formalising the Impact of Security Attacks on IoT Safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ehsan Poorhadi ◽  
Elena Troubitysna ◽  
György Dan
Keyword(s):  
Security Attacks ◽  
The Impact

Threat identification and risk assessments for named data networking architecture using SecRam

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Vishwa Pratap Singh ◽  
R.L. Ujjwal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Named Data Networking ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Security Risk Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Networking

Named Data networking is an instance of information centric networking, aims to improve the performance of the Internet by using in-network caching at storage-enabled routers and provide name based content access. However, name based content access and in-network caching make Name Data network vulnerable to new security attacks like cache pollutions, cache poisoning, false locality, cache snooping and interest flooding, etc. In this paper, we have evaluated NDN security principles, the impact of threats, ratified various security enablers, and built-in mitigation actions to combat security attacks. We have systematically applied SecRam in NDN for statistical security risk assessment, identification of run time threats, and assessment of available methods to mitigate these threats, as SecRam considers operational focus areas and proved useful for identification and severity assessment of run time threats. We have modified SecRam and used it in an entirely different domain, i.e., to a computer network, as SESAR proposed SecRam specifically for ATM systems that cannot be directly applied to another context. According to the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt for a complete risk assessment of NDN. We have concluded this paper by defining a set of open security challenges that should be considered by future researchers.

scholarly journals Analysis of AODV protocol under sinkhole attack in wireless sensor network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Harkesh Sehrawat ◽  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Vikas Siwach
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
The Impact

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is a collection of number of sensor nodes which are left open in an unsecured environment. Sensor nodes work and communicate together to attain the desired goals. They are placed at the locations where monitoring is otherwise impossible. Wireless Sensor Networks are resource constrained which may be computational power, memory capacity, battery power etc. As Wireless Sensor Networks are implemented in the unattended environment, they are prone to discrete type of security attacks. Because of their limitations these networks are easily targeted by intruders. Sinkhole attack is one of the security attacks which try to disturb the ongoing communication in wireless sensor network. In sinkhole attack, the intruder or the malicious node try to attract the network traffic towards itself, that sensor nodes will pass data packets through this compromised node thereby manipulating messages which sensor nodes are transferring to the base station. In this paper we analyze the impact of Sinkhole attack on AODV protocol under various conditions. We analyzed the impact of Sinkhole attack on AODV protocol with varying number of attacker nodes.  

scholarly journals SEA++: A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Security Attacks in OMNeT++/INET

2019 ◽  
pp. 253-278
Author(s):  
Marco Tiloca ◽  
Gianluca Dini ◽  
Francesco Racciatti ◽  
Alexandra Stagkopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Security Attacks ◽  
The Impact

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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