Brainstorming for Sensemaking in a Multimodal, Multiuser Cognitive Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Shannon Briggs ◽  
Matthew Peveler ◽  
Jaimie Drozdal ◽  
Lilit Balagyozyan ◽  
Jonas Braasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Environment

Plantinga on warrant

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD SWINBURNE
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
Alvin Plantinga ◽  
Statistical Probability ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Design Plan ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
The Way

Alvin PlantingaWarranted Christian Belief(New York NY: Oxford University Press, 2000).In the two previous volumes of his trilogy on ‘warrant’, Alvin Plantinga developed his general theory of warrant, defined as that characteristic enough of which terms a true belief into knowledge. A belief B has warrant if and only if: (1) it is produced by cognitive faculties functioning properly, (2) in a cognitive environment sufficiently similar to that for which the faculties were designed, (3) according to a design plan aimed at the production of true beliefs, when (4) there is a high statistical probability of such beliefs being true.Thus my belief that there is a table in front of me has warrant if in the first place, in producing it, my cognitive faculties were functioning properly, the way they were meant to function. Plantinga holds that just as our heart or liver may function properly or not, so may our cognitive faculties. And he also holds that if God made us, our faculties function properly if they function in the way God designed them to function; whereas if evolution (uncaused by God) made us, then our faculties function properly if they function in the way that (in some sense) evolution designed them to function.

Conservatism and liberalism predict performance in two nonideological cognitive tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolpho Talaisys Bernabel ◽  
Amâncio Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Cognitive Environment

Intuitive thinking would argue that political or ideological orientation does not correlate with nonpolitical decisions, and certainly not with nonideological cognitive tasks. However, that is what happens in some cases. Previous neuropolitics studies have found that liberals are more adept at dealing with novel information than conservatives. This finding suggests that conservatives and liberals possess different cognitive skills. For the purposes of this article, two studies were executed to test whether this difference remained in alternative environmental settings. To this end, two novel cognitive tasks were designed in which one type of ideology or another was privileged according to the cognitive environment created by the tasks. Experimental findings indicate that liberals committed fewer errors than conservatives in one kind of cognitive environment, while conservatives scored higher in another.

scholarly journals Network Optimization Using Femtocell Deployment at Macrocell Edge in Cognitive Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Cell Edge ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Macro Cell ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Cognitive Environment

<div>This research focuses on the problem of cell edge user’s coverage in the context of femtocell networks operating within the locality of macrocell border where pathloss, shadowing, Rayleigh fading have been included into the environment. As macro cell edge users are located far-away from the macro base station (MBS), so that, the underprivileged users (cell edge users) get assisted by the cognitive-femto base station (FBS) to provide consistent quality of service (QoS). Considering various environment factors such as wall structure, number of walls, distance between MBS and users, interference effect (i.e., co-tier and cross-tier), we compute downlink (DL) throughput of femto user (FU) for single input single output (SISO) system over a particular sub-channel, but also based on spectrum allocation and power adaptation, performance</div><div>of two tier network is analyzed considering network coverage as the performance metric. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by extensive matlab simulation.</div>

Cognitive Environment at “Bansko Cultural Heritage Promotion Center”

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelin Nenov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
The Impact

The present research is based on “Methodics for Preservation and Promotion of the Cultural Heritage with Artistic Interactions and Educational Impacts through Information and Communication Technologies (Nenov 2019), and the application of “the possibilities to promote cultural heritage with artistic interactions and educational impacts through the application of modern information and communication technologies (ICT), applying an interdisciplinary analysis of the scientific information for the cultural heritage sites” (Nenov 2019). Analysis of the activities for preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage has been made in the context of the concept, prepared by author team headed by architect Nenov – “Concept for activities for revitalization of the tourist attractions for promotion of intangible cultural heritage sites, under category “national” significance in the town of Bansko. (Nenov 2019a). The concept explores the impact of the environment in the “House of Arts Bansko” and the prerequisites for its reconstruction in “Cultural Heritage Promotion Center”. The applicability of notions, such as “cognition”, “cognitive architecture”, “interpretation of the cultural heritage”, “media façade”, educational “STEM” method and “authentic artistic interactions”, related to the research, is being analyzed as new approach for preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage. The significance of the interpretation of the cultural heritage in the context of ICT capabilities for the promotion of tangible and intangible cultural values is substantiated. Present examples for application of the Augmented reality (AR) are examined. The study presents the “possibilities for interpretation of the cultural heritage through visual research with information and communication technologies (ICT) in a real “in situ” and museum environment in the context of the cultural heritage sites and using the cited methodics, which was introduced in the dissertation “Conservation of the cultural heritage of Bulgaria in the context of the synthesis of architecture and fine arts “(Nenov 2016–2019). The possibilities for building cognitive environment are explored in the context of introduction of new technologies and good practices for popularization of the cultural heritage.

Relevance Theory and Mediated Mass-Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Charles Forceville
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
Ideological Assumptions

The examples analyzed in classic RT pertain to face-to-face communication, that is, a situation in which one communicator speaks to a single addressee standing next to her. The shift from this situation to mass-communication affects several dimensions of RT. In this chapter, the central RT tenet that relevance is always relevance to an individual is discussed in light of the fact that mass-communicative audiences consist of (very) many individuals. Concepts affected pertain to the recognition and fulfillment of the communicative and informative intention and to the cognitive environment (≈ background knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, etc.) of the numerous individuals in the envisaged audience, who after all may not share the ideological assumptions of the communicator. Moreover, mass-communication is usually mediated. Some of the technical, financial, institutional, and ideological consequences of mediated mass-communication for RT are sketched.

in a cognitive environment if the environment provides sufficient evidence for its adoption, and as we all know, mistaken assumptions are sometimes very well evidenced. Anything that can be seen at all is visible, but some things are much more visible than others. Similarly, we have defined ‘manifest’ so that any assumption that an individual is capable of constructing and accepting as true or probably true is manifest to him. We also want to say that manifest assumptions which are more likely to be entertained are more manifest. Which assumptions are more manifest to an individual during a given period or at a given moment is again a function of his physical environment on the one hand and his cognitive abilities on the other. Human cognitive organisation makes certain types of phenomena (i.e. perceptible objects or events) particularly salient. For instance, the noise of an explosion or a doorbell ringing is highly salient, a background buzz or a ticking clock much less so. When a phenomenon is noticed, some assumptions about it are standardly more accessible than others. In an environment where the doorbell has just rung, it will normally be strongly manifest that there is someone at the door, less strongly so that whoever is at the door is tall enough to reach the bell, and less strongly still that the bell has not been stolen. The most strongly manifest assumption of all is the assumption that the doorbell has just rung, the evidence for which is both salient and conclusive. We will have more to say, in chapter 3, about the factors which make some assumptions more manifest than others in a given situ-ation. For the moment it is the fact rather than the explanation that matters. Our notion of what is manifest to an individual is clearly weaker than the notion of what is actually known or assumed. A fact can be manifest without being known; all the individual’s actual assumptions are manifest to him, but many more assumptions which he has not actually made are manifest to him too. This is so however weakly the terms ‘knowledge’ and ‘assumption’ are construed. In a strong sense, to know some fact involves having a mental representation of it. In a weaker sense, to say that an individual knows some fact is not necessarily to imply that he has ever entertained a mental representation of it. For instance, before read-ing this sentence you all knew, in that weak sense, that Noam Chomsky never had breakfast with Julius Caesar, although until now the thought of it had never crossed your mind. It is generally accepted that people have not only the know-ledge that they actually entertain, but also the knowledge that they are capable of deducing from the knowledge that they entertain. However, something can be manifest without being known, even in this virtual way, if only because some-thing can be manifest and false, whereas nothing can be known and false. Can something be manifest without being actually assumed? The answer must again be yes. Assumptions are unlike knowledge in that they need not be true. As with knowledge, people can be said to assume, in a weak sense, what they are capable of deducing from what they assume. However, people do not assume, in any sense, what they are merely capable of inferring non-demonstratively – that is, by some creative process of hypothesis formation and confirmation – from what they assume. Although it presumably followed non-demonstratively from what you

2005 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Hypothesis Formation ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Cognitive Environment

scholarly journals Know Your Cognitive Environment! Mental Models as Crucial Determinant of Offloading Preferences

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082095686
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Weis ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Model Adjustment ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
Human Problem ◽  
Specific Expertise

Objective Human problem solvers possess the ability to outsource parts of their mental processing onto cognitive “helpers” ( cognitive offloading). However, suboptimal decisions regarding which helper to recruit for which task occur frequently. Here, we investigate if understanding and adjusting a specific subcomponent of mental models—beliefs about task-specific expertise—regarding these helpers could provide a comparatively easy way to improve offloading decisions. Background Mental models afford the storage of beliefs about a helper that can be retrieved when needed. Methods Arithmetic and social problems were solved by 192 participants. Participants could, in addition to solving a task on their own, offload cognitive processing onto a human, a robot, or one of two smartphone apps. These helpers were introduced with either task-specific (e.g., stating that an app would use machine learning to “recognize faces” and “read emotions”) or task-unspecific (e.g., stating that an app was built for solving “complex cognitive tasks”) descriptions of their expertise. Results Providing task-specific expertise information heavily altered offloading behavior for apps but much less so for humans or robots. This suggests (1) strong preexisting mental models of human and robot helpers and (2) a strong impact of mental model adjustment for novel helpers like unfamiliar smartphone apps. Conclusion Creating and refining mental models is an easy approach to adjust offloading preferences and thus improve interactions with cognitive environments. Application To efficiently work in environments in which problem-solving includes consulting other people or cognitive tools (“helpers”), accurate mental models—especially regarding task-relevant expertise—are a crucial prerequisite.

Constructing a Clinical Experience in the Classroom

2006 ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Clinical Consultation ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Chiropractic Education ◽  
Cognitive Environment ◽  
Authentic Classroom ◽  
The Impact

This chapter demonstrates how contemporary chiropractic education uses authentic “classroom” learning opportunities to prepare students for the clinical practice. Safe professional practice requires a combination of factual knowledge and mastery of those thinking processes required to update and selectively utilise fresh information. This chapter demonstrates how three problem-solving formats can be used to aid students achieve both of these learning objectives. The first scenario describes how, by requiring students to formulate a personal nutrition program, they become aware of the impact dietary choices have on health. An example is then provided of how skills acquired in the area of nutrition can be expanded to incorporate the various dimensions of wellness and transferred into a situation in which a wellness program is negotiated with a client. The final scenario explores how simulated cases can be used in the classroom to create a cognitive environment that simulates and prepares students for the clinical consultation.

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