Brassinosteroids Signaling Pathways in Plant Defense and Adaptation to Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽  
Allah Wasaya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Adaptation To Stress

scholarly journals Regulating the Regulators: The Control of Transcription Factors in Plant Defense Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Ng ◽  
Jayami Abeysinghe ◽  
Maedeh Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
External Threats

Being sessile, plants rely on intricate signaling pathways to mount an efficient defense against external threats while maintaining the cost balance for growth. Transcription factors (TFs) form a repertoire of master regulators in controlling various processes of plant development and responses against external stimuli. There are about 58 families of TFs in plants and among them, six major TF families (AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), MYB (myeloblastosis related), NAC (no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2), and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)), WRKY, and bZIP (basic leucine zipper)) are found to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. As master regulators of plant defense, the expression and activities of these TFs are subjected to various transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls, as well as post-translational modifications. Many excellent reviews have discussed the importance of these TFs families in mediating their downstream target signaling pathways in plant defense. In this review, we summarize the molecular regulatory mechanisms determining the expression and activities of these master regulators themselves, providing insights for studying their variation and regulation in crop wild relatives (CWR). With the advance of genome sequencing and the growing collection of re-sequencing data of CWR, now is the time to re-examine and discover CWR for the lost or alternative alleles of TFs. Such approach will facilitate molecular breeding and genetic improvement of domesticated crops, especially in stress tolerance and defense responses, with the aim to address the growing concern of climate change and its impact on agriculture crop production.

scholarly journals WRKY70 modulates the selection of signaling pathways in plant defense

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Günter Brader ◽  
Tarja Kariola ◽  
E. Tapio Palva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Validamycin A Induces Broad-Spectrum Resistance Involving Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1424-1437
Author(s):  
Chuanhong Bian ◽  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Jueyu Wang ◽  
Qian Xiu ◽  
Jianxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Validamycin A

Validamycin A (VMA) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to control rice sheath blight. Although it has been reported that VMA can induce the plant defense responses, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and callose deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were induced by VMA and were most intense with 10 μg of VMA per milliliter at 24 h. Moreover, we showed that VMA induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium graminearum in Arabidopsis leaves, indicating that VMA induces broad-spectrum disease resistance in both dicots and monocots. In addition, VMA-mediated resistance against P. syringae was not induced in NahG transgenic plants, was partially decreased in npr1 mutants, and VMA-mediated resistance to B. cinerea was not induced in npr1, jar1, and ein2 mutants. These results strongly indicated that VMA triggers plant defense responses to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens involved in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathways and is dependent on NPR1. In addition, transcriptome analysis further revealed that VMA regulated the expression of genes involved in SA, JA/ET, abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin signal pathways. Taken together, VMA induces systemic resistance involving in SA and JA/ET signaling pathways and also exerts a positive influence on ABA and auxin signaling pathways. Our study highlights the creative application of VMA in triggering plant defense responses against plant pathogens, providing a valuable insight into applying VMA to enhance plant resistance and reduce the use of chemical pesticides. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

A compendium of G-protein–coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Ceddia ◽  
Sheila Collins
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Nucleotide Regulation ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Thermogenic Adipocytes ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand–receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.

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