scholarly journals Creating Trust in Collaborative Embedded Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Samira Akili ◽  
Emilia Cioroaica ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Holger Schlingloff
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Predictive Simulation ◽  
Decisionmaking Process ◽  
System Part ◽  
Negotiation Protocols

AbstractEffective collaboration of embedded systems relies strongly on the assumption that all components of the system and the system itself operate as expected. A level of trust is established based on that assumption. To verify and validate these assumptions, we propose a systematic procedure that starts at the design phase and spans the runtime of the systems. At design time, we propose system evaluation in pure virtual environments, allowing multiple system behaviors to be executed in a variety of scenarios. At runtime, we suggest performing predictive simulation to get insights into the system’s decisionmaking process. This enables trust to be created in the system part of a cooperation. When cooperation is performed in open, uncertain environments, the negotiation protocols between collaborative systems must be monitored at runtime. By engaging in various negotiation protocols, the participants assign roles, schedule tasks, and combine their world views to allow more resilient perception and planning. In this chapter, we describe two complementary monitoring approaches to address the decentralized nature of collaborative embedded systems.

Enhancing Cyberweapon Effectiveness Methodology With SE Modeling Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
C. Ariel Pinto ◽  
Matthew Zurasky ◽  
Fatine Elakramine ◽  
Safae El Amrani ◽  
Raed M. Jaradat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Distinct Process ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Engineering Modeling ◽  
Evaluation Accuracy ◽  
Weapons Systems

A recent cyberweapons effectiveness methodology clearly provides a parallel but distinct process from that of kinetic weapons – both for defense and offense purposes. This methodology promotes consistency and improves cyberweapon system evaluation accuracy – for both offensive and defensive postures. However, integrating this cyberweapons effectiveness methodology into the design phase and operations phase of weapons systems development is still a challenge. The paper explores several systems engineering modeling techniques (e.g., SysML) and how they can be leveraged towards an enhanced effectiveness methodology. It highlights how failure mode analyses (e.g., FMEA) can facilitate cyber damage determination and target assessment, how block and parametric diagraming techniques can facilitate characterizing cyberweapons and eventually assess the effectiveness of such weapons and conversely assess vulnerabilities of systems to certain types of cyberweapons.

scholarly journals Dynamic Safety Certification for Collaborative Embedded Systems at Runtime

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
David Santiago Velasco Moncada ◽  
Daniel Schneider ◽  
Ana Petrovska ◽  
Nishanth Laxman ◽  
Felix Möhrle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Safety Certification ◽  
Complete Specification

AbstractTraditionally, integration and quality assurance of embedded systems are done entirely at development time. Moreover, since such systems often perform safety-critical tasks and work in human environments, safety analyses are performed and safety argumentations devised to convince certification authorities of their safety and to certify the systems if necessary. Collaborative embedded systems, however, are designed to integrate and collaborate with other systems dynamically at runtime. A complete prediction and analysis of all relevant properties during the design phase is usually not possible, as many influencing factors are not yet known. This makes the application of traditional safety analysis and certification techniques impractical, as they usually require a complete specification of the system and its context in advance. In the following chapter, we introduce new techniques to meet this challenge and outline a safety certification concept specifically tailored to collaborative embedded systems.

scholarly journals DVFS and Its Architectural Simulation Models for Improving Energy Efficiency of Complex Embedded Systems in Early Design Phase

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parham Haririan
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Low Power Design ◽  
System Level ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Early Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Architectural Simulation ◽  
Early Design Phase

Dealing with resource constraints is an inevitable feature of embedded systems. Power and performance are the main concerns beside others. Pre-silicon analysis of power and performance in today’s complex embedded designs is a big challenge. Although RTL (Register-Transfer Level) models are more precise and reliable, system-level modeling enables the power and performance analysis of complex and dense designs in the early design phase. Virtual prototypes of systems prepared through architectural simulation provide a means of evaluating non-existing systems with more flexibility and minimum cost. Efficient interplay between power and performance is a key feature within virtual platforms. This article focuses on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), which is a well-known system-level low-power design technique together with its more efficient implementations modeled through architectural simulation. With advent of new computing paradigms and modern application domains with strict resource demands, DVFS and its efficient hardware-managed solutions get even more highlighted. This is mainly because they can react faster to resource demands and thus reduce induced overhead. To that end, they entail an effective collaboration between software and hardware. A case review in the end wraps up the discussed topics.

scholarly journals Architectures for Dynamically Coupled Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Malin Gandor ◽  
Nicolas Jäckel ◽  
Lorenz Käser ◽  
Alexander Schlie ◽  
Ingo Stierand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
System Design ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Technical Design ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Development Methods

AbstractDynamically coupled collaborative embedded systems operate in groups that form, change, and dissolve—often frequently—during their lifetime. Furthermore, the context in which collaborative systems operate is a dynamic one: systems in the context may appear, change their visible behavior, and disappear again. Ensuring safe operation of such collaborative systems is of key importance, while their dynamic nature poses challenges that do not occur in “classical” system design. This starts with the elicitation of the operational context against which the system will be designed—requiring capture of its dynamic nature—and affects all other design phases as well. Novel development methods are required, enabling engineers to deal with the challenges raised by dynamicity in a manageable way. This chapter presents methods that have been developed to support engineers in this task. The methods cover different viewpoints and abstraction levels of the development process, starting at the requirements viewpoint, and glance at the functional and technical design, as well as verification methods for the type of systems envisioned.

Influence of nocturnal bruxism on the stomatognathic system. Part I: a new device for measuring mandibular movements during sleep

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Amemori ◽  
S. Yamashita ◽  
M. Ai ◽  
H. Shinoda ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Device ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
System Part ◽  
Mandibular Movements

The sense of presence in virtual environments:

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Spatial Presence ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Being There ◽  
Measure Sense

Abstract. The sense of presence is the feeling of being there in a virtual environment. A three-component self report scale to measure sense of presence is described, the components being sense of spatial presence, involvement, and realness. This three-component structure was developed in a survey study with players of 3D games (N = 246) and replicated in a second survey study (N = 296); studies using the scale for measuring the effects of interaction on presence provide evidence for validity. The findings are explained by the Potential Action Coding Theory of presence, which assumes that presence develops from mental model building and suppression of the real environment.

Dreamlike and Playful Virtual Environments to Inspire Children’s Divergent Thinking

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jérôme Guegan ◽  
Claire Brechet ◽  
Julien Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Office Environment ◽  
School Aged Children

Abstract. Computers have long been seen as possible tools to foster creativity in children. In this respect, virtual environments present an interesting potential to support idea generation but also to steer it in relevant directions. A total of 96 school-aged children completed a standard divergent thinking task while being exposed to one of three virtual environments: a replica of the headmistress’s office, a replica of their schoolyard, and a dreamlike environment. Results showed that participants produced more original ideas in the dreamlike and playful environments than in the headmistress’s office environment. Additionally, the contents of the environment influenced the selective exploration of idea categories. We discuss these results in terms of two combined processes: explicit references to sources of inspiration in the environment, and the implicit priming of specific idea categories.

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