Secondary Metallurgy

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-231
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Verdeja González ◽  
Daniel Fernández González ◽  
José Ignacio Verdeja González
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metallurgy

FORMADUR 320

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Innovative Tool

Abstract Formadur 320 is an innovative tool steel for plastic molds. This high-tech steel has been specially developed as a derivative of Formadur 2311 and Formadur 2738 to fulfill increased demands. Deliberate modifications of the grade’s components as well as additional smelting and secondary metallurgy provide Formadur 320 with its outstanding properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on heat treating. Filing Code: TS-701. Producer or source: Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH.

Steel Cleanliness during Secondary Metallurgy of High-grade Quality Electric Steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Dekkers ◽  
Nedeljka Jokanovic ◽  
Anton Rombout ◽  
Bart Blanpain ◽  
Patrick Wollants
Keyword(s):  
High Grade ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Steel Cleanliness

Thermodynamic evaluation of spinel containing refractory castables corrosion by secondary metallurgy slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Luz ◽  
A.G. Tomba Martinez ◽  
M.A.L. Braulio ◽  
V.C. Pandolfelli
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Refractory Castables

Effect of a secondary metallurgy technology on the types of forming nonmetallic inclusions and the corrosion resistance of steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Dub ◽  
A. A. Safronov ◽  
M. A. Movchan ◽  
A. V. Ioffe ◽  
V. I. Tazetdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy

Ladle Furnace Slag Characterization Through Hyperspectral Reflectance Regression Model for Secondary Metallurgy Process Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3506-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artzai Picon ◽  
Asier Vicente ◽  
Sergio Rodriguez-Vaamonde ◽  
Jorge Armentia ◽  
Jose Antonio Arteche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Ladle Furnace ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Metallurgy Process ◽  
Furnace Slag

Effects of Steel – Applied for Large-Dimension Castings for the Power Engineering – Refining in The Ladle-Furnace

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kalandyk ◽  
W. Wojtal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Ladle Furnace ◽  
Steel Melting ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
High Alloy ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Alloy Cast

Abstract The changes of a sulphur content during refining in melting low-alloy and high-alloy steels (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering are presented in the hereby paper. The investigated steel was melted in the oxygen-recovery melting technology with an application of maximum 70% of the process scrap. In addition, after steel melting in the electric arc furnace (EAF), the secondary metallurgy was performed in the ladle furnace (LF). It was shown that the application of the secondary metallurgy by a synthetic slag in the ladle furnace and argon bubbling of a metal bath leads to obtaining in the final analysis: 0.0043-0.0046% of sulphur (a decrease of S content during refining in LF reached 40%). Current measurements of FeO in the slag and maintaining its content below 0.8%, support obtaining such low sulphur content in steel. So low level of the slag oxidizing is one of the necessary conditions for a deep desulphurisation of the metal bath. Without the secondary metallurgy the sulphur content in low-alloy cast steel was 0.007%, while 0.01% in high-alloy cast steel. Controlling of the gas (oxygen, nitrogen) content during steel melting and correcting the amount of additions (e.g. deoxidants), allowed to obtain the low oxygen content (below 45 ppm for two investigated steel grades) and nitrogen content (88 ppm for low-alloy steel and 330 ppm for high-alloy steel), which warrants a good combination of strength and plastic properties.

Slag Formation – Thermodynamic Aspects and Experimental Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Lauri Holappa ◽  
Yilmaz Kacar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Aluminum Dross ◽  
Secondary Metallurgy ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

AbstractSlags have a central role in pyro-metallurgical processes. They bind impurity compounds and absorb reaction products like oxides and sulfides. Functional slags are made by adding lime, magnesia, fluorspar, bauxite, calcium aluminate or other compounds into the reactor vessel where they form the slag together with the targeted reaction products. Additionally, refractory materials of the vessel tend to dissolve into the slag and thus influence its properties. Converter process for steelmaking is a rapid process and slag formation is extremely essential to ensure slag’s metallurgical functions and to avoid harmful reactions with the refractory materials. In this contribution, the progress of understanding the phenomena controlling slag formation and means to promote it were shortly reviewed. Thermodynamic constraints in slag formation were examined and the influence of fluxing additions was experimentally stated. Prefabricated “self-fluxing” lime was tested in industrial scale and proved to be a potential slag forming agent. Slag formation in secondary metallurgy and reduction of slag with aluminum dross or granules were experienced, and the effect on desulfurization and steel cleanliness was discussed.

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