The Influence of Stringency Measures and Socio-Economic Data on COVID-19 Outcomes

Recently there has been an increased interest in the theory of chaos by macroeconomists and fmancial economists. Originating in the natural sciences, applications of the theory have spread through various fields including brain research, optics, metereology, and economics. The attractiveness of chaotic dynamics is its ability to generate large movements which appear to be random, with greater frequency than linear models. Two of the most striking features of any macro-economic data are its random-like appearance and its seemingly cyclical character. Cycles in economic data have often been noticed, from short-run business cycles, to 50 years Kodratiev waves. There have been many attempts to explain them, e.g. Lucas (1975), who argues that random shocks combined with various lags can give rise to phenomena which have the appearance of cycles, and Samuelson (1939) who uses the familiar multiplier accelerator model. The advantage of using non-linear difference (or differential) equation models to explain the business cycle is that it does not have to rely on ad hoc unexplained exogenous random shocks.

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Imputation Via Copula and Transformation Methods, With Applications to Financial and Economic Data

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1722903 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Yangyong Zhang ◽

Craig A. Friedman ◽

Jinggang Huang ◽

Wenbo Cao

Keyword(s):

Economic Data ◽

Transformation Methods

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KAUTILYA ON THE SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF ACCOUNTING, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN ANCIENT INDIA

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.31.2.125 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 125-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Balbir S. Sihag

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Organizational Design ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Critical Role ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Allocation Of Resources ◽

Economic Data ◽

Ancient India

Kautilya, a 4th century B.C.E. economist, recognized the importance of accounting methods in economic enterprises. He realized that a proper measurement of economic performance was absolutely essential for efficient allocation of resources, which was considered an important source of economic development. He viewed philosophy and political science as separate disciplines but considered accounting an integral part of economics. He specified a very broad scope for accounting and considered explanation and prediction as its proper objectives. Kautilya developed bookkeeping rules to record and classify economic data, emphasized the critical role of independent periodic audits and proposed the establishment of two important but separate offices - the Treasurer and Comptroller-Auditor, to increase accountability, specialization, and above all to reduce the scope for conflicts of interest. He also linked the successful enforcement of rules and regulations to their clarity, consistency and completeness. Kautilya believed that such measures were necessary but not sufficient to eliminate fraudulent accounting. He also emphasized the role of ethics, considering ethical values as the glue which binds society and promotes economic development.

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Elements of Statistics: With Applications to Economic Data. Harold T. Davis , W. F. C. Nelson

Journal of Political Economy ◽

10.1086/255338 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 908-909

Author(s):

Nilan Norris

Keyword(s):

Economic Data

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The implementation of a mobile application to support community-based health workers

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A C F Martins ◽

P L Pereira ◽

A C C N Mafra ◽

J L Miraglia ◽

C N Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Total Population ◽

Health Workers ◽

Data Entry ◽

Population Data ◽

Administrative Staff ◽

Economic Data ◽

Process Change ◽

Community Based

Abstract Issue Real-time access to up-to-date population information is essential to the strategic planning of primary health care (PHC). In the Brazilian public health system community-based health workers (CHWs), working as part of PHC teams, collect health, demographic and socio-economic data from individuals mainly through paper-based forms that are later entered manually into electronic information systems. Mobile applications could help to improve the quality and speed of this process facilitating the CHWs day-to-day work while improving the access to the collected information. Description of the Problem During September of 2019, a mobile application installed in tablets for the collection of health, demographic and socio-economic data was deployed for 432 CHWs of 87 PHC teams in the southern region of São Paulo, Brazil, serving a total population of 283,324 individuals. During implementation, the acceptability and challenges faced by CHWs were evaluated and the time taken to complete data entry. Results Seventy-two hours of training were offered to CHWs and other 139 professionals including managers, nurses and administrative staff (AS). Some CHWs reported concerns about the process change and fear of not being able to operate the application, especially those unfamiliar to the technology. With training and team support, fear was transformed into satisfaction with the realization of the benefits of the system. The main infrastructure challenge was the need for installation of Wi-Fi routers in some health care units, in addition to the replacement 4.4% of damaged tablets. In four months 97.6% of the total population was registered in the application. Lessons A WhatsApp group was created to clarify AS doubts, receive suggestions and disseminate guidelines. AS remained as the reference point at healthcare units and data completeness still needs to be reinforced. Key messages A mobile application was well-accepted by CHWs and could facilitate the collection of population data. A tablet app proved to be a useful tool to generate information for the PHC teams.

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Comparative Study in the Barnyard

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050700094262 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylvia L. Thrupp

Keyword(s):

Statistical Theory ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Social Analysis ◽

Economic Data ◽

Recent Past ◽

The Social ◽

Fundamental Shift

For anyone on the green side of fifty who didn't start historical browsing in the playpen it may be quite hard to see the present appeal of statistical theory and method in perspective. To one lucky enough to have been a student abroad in the 1920's, it is merely one of the consequences of a fundamental shift, which was firming in that decade, in conceptions of the economic historian's job. Essentially the shift consisted in making the economy and the social institutions in which it is embedded analytically distinct. Voices from the Polanyite school still claim that this step was as wrong as Adam's eating of the apple. Milder critics complain only that some of us let economic analysis run away with the ball to the neglect of social analysis and of the interplay between the two. For workers on the recent past this is defensible, because the heavy fall-out of purely economic data clamors to be dealt with in its own terms. The preindustrialist, who has to dig harder for data, and seldom turns up such pure economic ore, is more inclined to think in terms of interplay.

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