scholarly journals Plans for the Future and the Ability to Predict as Cognitive Navigators of a Person’s Social Success

2021 ◽  
pp. 751-761
Author(s):  
Julia Makarevskaya ◽  
Zinaida Ryabikina
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski ◽  
Violetta Koseska-Toszewa ◽  
Anna Kisiel

On the Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and RussianLeksykon odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskim [The Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian] is the first Polish dictionary which compares semantic equivalents in the largest languages of each Slavic subgroup: The West Slavic group (Polish), the South Slavic group (Bulgarian) and the East Slavic group (Russian). The content of the dictionary reflects the social processes, changes and trends which have taken place over recent years. The dictionary consists of 5 volumes, with approximately 5000 entries for each language. What sets it apart from other dictionaries is that it ventures beyond the standard vocabulary one might expect from a dictionary of this sort. Leksykon also contains neologisms as well as realogisms - words which do not often have perfect equivalents in other languages because they are so deeply embedded in a nation’s culture. Each entry in the dictionary offers state-of-the-art semantic and syntactic categorisers, developed by Polish experts in Slavic semantics and aspectology.We consider the dictionary to be an innovation in lexicography, because its open structure enables more languages to be added in the future, including non-Slavic languages. Developed with the use of the most recent methodologies available, the dictionary will constitute a sound basis for lexicographic research in the future, in particular for the development of multilingual electronic dictionaries.In the 21st century, we face two great challenges: to make academic research more interdisciplinary and to build an integrated multinational European community. We hope that our dictionary will help address these challenges by promoting multilingualism and facilitating intercultural communication.The primary language of the dictionary is Polish - the largest Slavic language in the European Union.During the Polish presidency of the EU, a conference entitled Multilingual Competences for Professional and Social Success in Europe was held. It concluded with the following declaration: "Multilingualism is not only part of European heritage, but also a chance to develop a society which is open, respectful of cultural diversity and ready for cooperation". However, the chief obstacles that prevents the EU from attaining the full integration of its economies and societies are language barriers. This dictionary will help overcome these barriers by promoting Slavic languages. The target audience of the dictionary are speakers of Polish, both in Poland and all around the world: experts in Slavic languages, scholars, lexicographers, encyclopaedia writers, students, etc. O Leksykonie odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskimLeksykon jest pierwszym polskim dziełem leksykograficznym, prezentującym odpowiedniości semantyczne w trzech największych językach słowiańskich, z grupy zachodniej (polski), południowej (bułgarski) i wschodniej (rosyjski). W dobie badań interdyscyplinarnych i budowania zintegrowanej wielonarodowościowej Europy opisana publikacja wychodzi naprzeciw wyzwaniom XXI wieku, promując wielojęzyczność, umożliwiając kontakty międzynarodowe w najróżniejszych dziedzinach. Językiem opisu stał się największy słowiański język Unii Europejskiej – język polski.Publikacja jest przeznaczona dla polskiego odbiorcy i wszystkich użytkowników języka polskiego na świecie – specjalistów-slawistów, badaczy języków słowiańskich, leksykografów, encyklopedystów, studentów itp. Leksykon uwzględnia najnowsze zjawiska i dziedziny życia społecznego. Innowacyjność publikacji polega na możliwości dołączania dowolnej liczby leksykonów innych języków (nie tylko słowiańskich) (co przedstawiono w szeregu publikacji poświęconych dziełu). Ze względu na nowoczesne rozwiązania metodologiczne zastosowane w Leksykonie może on stanowić podstawę innych współczesnych prac leksykograficznych, w szczególności wielojęzycznych słowników elektronicznych. Zaletą Leksykonu jest to, że poza leksyką ogólną znalazły się w nim też neologizmy, wyrazy trudne i częstokroć nie posiadające pełnej ekwiwalencji, odzwierciedlające natomiast kulturę danego narodu (realogizmy). Leksykon opatrzony jest najnowszej generacji klasyfikatorami semantycznymi i składniowymi, będącymi wynikiem wieloletniej pracy polskich slawistów w dziedzinie aspektologii i semantyki.Wpisana do oficjalnego kalendarza polskiej prezydencji w Radzie UE konferencja. pt. Kompetencje językowe podstawą sukcesu zawodowego i społecznego w Europie zakończyła się oficjalną deklaracją, w której czytamy: "wielojęzyczność jest nie tylko dziedzictwem Europy, ale szansą na tworzenie społeczeństwa otwartego, szanującego zróżnicowanie kulturowe i gotowego na współpracę". Wciąż jednak główną przeszkodą na drodze do prawdziwie zjednoczonej europejskiej gospodarki i społeczeństwa pozostają bariery językowe. Leksykon umożliwi pokonywanie tych barier poprzez poznawanie języków słowiańskich.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 10044
Author(s):  
Julia E. Makarevskaya ◽  
Zinaida I. Ryabikina

Social success is an ambiguous category that has both external and internal criteria. Despite the difficult comprehension of the criteria and the ambiguity of their interpretation in different cultures and social strata, the desire for success in the form of various behavioral tendencies and manifestations is considered inherent in most people. The research results presented in the article were obtained on samples of different age groups: adolescence, young, adult age periods (from 17 to 45 years). The criteria of social success are considered through the prism of the leading activity of the age and are used as the basis for differentiating the samples into socially successful and unsuccessful respondents. The study is comparative in nature and shows that the cognitive markers of socially successful respondents differ from the mental trajectories of socially unsuccessful respondents. In adolescence, social success is accompanied by clear formulated goals and conscious plans for the future; in young and adult ages, while maintaining awareness of plans, socially successful respondents also have a high level of predictive abilities, expressed in the validity of the thinking process, flexibility of thinking, plasticity of ideas and the prospect of causal relationships. These cognitive characteristics allow a person to build mental processes in such a way that they accompany the person's social success.


1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).


1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.


Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.


Author(s):  
Nicholas J Severs

In his pioneering demonstration of the potential of freeze-etching in biological systems, Russell Steere assessed the future promise and limitations of the technique with remarkable foresight. Item 2 in his list of inherent difficulties as they then stood stated “The chemical nature of the objects seen in the replica cannot be determined”. This defined a major goal for practitioners of freeze-fracture which, for more than a decade, seemed unattainable. It was not until the introduction of the label-fracture-etch technique in the early 1970s that the mould was broken, and not until the following decade that the full scope of modern freeze-fracture cytochemistry took shape. The culmination of these developments in the 1990s now equips the researcher with a set of effective techniques for routine application in cell and membrane biology.Freeze-fracture cytochemical techniques are all designed to provide information on the chemical nature of structural components revealed by freeze-fracture, but differ in how this is achieved, in precisely what type of information is obtained, and in which types of specimen can be studied.


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