Anatomy and Pathology of the Placental Membranes

ABSTRACT The interaction of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II with specific type-I and -II receptor sites on rabbit articular chondrocyte membranes was studied. With labelled IGF-I as tracer, half-maximal displacement of the label was obtained with 1·4 ng IGF-I/ml and 22 ng IGF-II/ml. Using IGF-II as labelled peptide, 16 ng unlabelled IGF-II/ml and 200 ng IGF-I/ml were needed to inhibit the binding by 50%. Covalent cross-linking experiments revealed the presence of typical type-I (Mr 130 000 under reducing conditions) and type-II (Mr 260 000) receptor sites. In addition, with 125I-labelled IGF-II a very intense labelled band appeared at Mr > 300 000. This band was not found in mouse liver membranes and human placental membranes. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 245–249

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Characterization of protein production by caprine placental membranes: identification and immunolocalization of retinol-binding protein

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1460527 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K H Liu ◽

J C Huang ◽

J D Godkin

Keyword(s):

Protein Production ◽

Culture Medium ◽

De Novo ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Minimum Essential Medium ◽

Placental Membranes ◽

Extraembryonic Membranes

Abstract Caprine chorion, allantois and amnion from days 23, 28, 35, 39 and 45, and yolk sac from day 23 of pregnancy were isolated by dissection and cultured for 24 h in modified minimum essential medium in the presence of [35S] methionine. De novo-synthesized proteins released into the culture medium were analyzed by two-dimensional PAGE and fluorography. Patterns of protein production by these isolated extraembryonic membranes remained relatively unchanged from days 23 to 45 of pregnancy. Electrophoretic profiles of proteins synthesized by allantois and amnion were identical but distinct from that produced by chorion. Yolk sac was the major source of serum-like proteins. An acidic (pI 5·3–6·3) 22 kDa protein, which consisted of four isoelectric variants, was produced by all extraembryonic membranes and demonstrated to immunoreact with antiserum produced against bovine placental retinol-binding protein (RBP). Limited N-terminal sequence analysis of one major isoform indicated that the protein had complete homology with bovine RBP over the first 15 amino acids. Immunoreactive RBP was localized in epithelial cells lining the chorion, allantois and amnion. In this study, we have characterized and compared protein production by isolated extraembryonic membranes through days 23 to 45 of pregnancy and identified the 22 kDa protein as caprine RBP of placental origin. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 527–534

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Comparative binding of bovine, human and rat insulin-like growth factors to membrane receptors and to antibodies against human insulin-like growth factor-1

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2330215 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 233 (1) ◽

pp. 215-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

L C Read ◽

F J Ballard ◽

G L Francis ◽

R C Baxter ◽

C J Bagley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Polyclonal Antiserum ◽

Competitive Binding ◽

Membrane Receptors ◽

Binding Studies ◽

Comparative Binding ◽

Placental Membranes ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factors

The immunological properties of human, bovine and rat insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and insulin were compared in competitive binding studies with Tr10 and NPA polyclonal antisera raised in rabbits against human IGF-1. Bovine IGF-1 was 11-19% as effective as human IGF-1 in competing for binding with 125I-labelled human IGF-1, whereas IGF-2 reacted poorly and insulin did not compete. Similar competitive binding curves were obtained with the mouse monoclonal anti-(human IGF-1) antibody 3D1, except that bovine IGF-1 showed a severalfold greater affinity for the monoclonal antibody than for either polyclonal antiserum. Membranes isolated from human placenta, sheep placenta and foetal-human liver were used as sources of cellular receptors. In human placental membranes, most of the binding of IGF-1 tracers could be attributed to a type-1 receptor, because insulin inhibited up to 65% of tracer binding. The other two tissues apparently contain only type-2 receptors, as evidenced by the very low potency of bovine or human IGF-1 in competing for binding with IGF-2 tracers and the absence of any competition by insulin. In competition for binding with labelled bovine or human IGF-1 to human placental membranes, bovine IGF-1 had a similar potency to human IGF-1, whereas bovine IGF-1 was more potent in binding studies with tissues rich in type-2 receptors. Rat IGF-2 was considerably less effective than human IGF-2 in competition for receptors on any of the membrane preparations.

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Ectodomain Shedding of Cystinyl Aminopeptidase from Human Placental Membranes

Placenta ◽

10.1053/plac.2001.0751 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L.D. Ofner ◽

N.M. Hooper

Keyword(s):

Ectodomain Shedding ◽

Placental Membranes

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Placental Membranes and Amniotic Fluid Retention

The Placenta ◽

10.1002/9781444393927.ch13 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Marie H. Beall ◽

Michael G. Ross

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Fluid Retention ◽

Placental Membranes

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Anatomy and Pathology of the Placental Membranes

Pathology of the Human Placenta ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-23941-0_11 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 249-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kurt Benirschke ◽

Graham J. Burton ◽

Rebecca N. Baergen

Keyword(s):

Placental Membranes

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High-Grade Fetal Vascular Malperfusion Is Associated With Diffuse Chorionic Hemosiderosis

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1177/10935266211064694 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109352662110646

Author(s):

Eoghan E. Mooney ◽

Emma Crotty

Keyword(s):

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Third Trimester ◽

The Third ◽

Term Delivery ◽

Venous Bleeding ◽

Placental Membranes ◽

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Cord Length

Introduction Diffuse chorionic hemosiderosis (DCH) is an abnormality of the placental membranes characterized by the deposition of iron pigment. It is usually secondary to recurrent venous bleeding in early pregnancy. In many papers, it is associated with pre-term delivery. Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) is an abnormality of the feto-placental circulation that may be seen at any stage of gestation, but most often in the third trimester. It may be graded as low grade (LGFVM) or high grade (HGFVM). No link has been identified in the placental literature between DCH and FVM, but we have noted the 2 co-existing in placentas submitted for analysis. This study explored a possible association of these 2 entities. Methods Laboratory records were searched for singleton cases coded as DCH based on diagnosis on H&E stain over a 6-year period. Of 4478 placentas reported, 66 cases were coded as DCH (1.5%). These were classified as showing HGFVM, LGFVM, or no FVM. Controls (n = 132) were gestational age-matched cases without DCH. Cord length, coiling, insertion, or other abnormalities were noted. Membranes were classified as normal or circumvallate. Results were analyzed using Graphpad. Results Gestation ranged between 16 and 41 weeks gestation. 14/66 (21%) cases of DCH showed HGFVM and 2/66 (3%) showed LGFVM. 16/132 (12%) controls showed HGFVM and 21/132 (15.9%) had LGFVM. Where FVM is present, high-grade FVM is significantly associated with DCH versus controls ( P < .0031 Fischer’s Test). Discussion HGFVM occurs significantly more often in placentas with DCH than in controls. Both FVM and DCH are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, and a possible relationship between the 2 remains to be clarified.

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