High-Grade Fetal Vascular Malperfusion Is Associated With Diffuse Chorionic Hemosiderosis

Introduction Diffuse chorionic hemosiderosis (DCH) is an abnormality of the placental membranes characterized by the deposition of iron pigment. It is usually secondary to recurrent venous bleeding in early pregnancy. In many papers, it is associated with pre-term delivery. Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) is an abnormality of the feto-placental circulation that may be seen at any stage of gestation, but most often in the third trimester. It may be graded as low grade (LGFVM) or high grade (HGFVM). No link has been identified in the placental literature between DCH and FVM, but we have noted the 2 co-existing in placentas submitted for analysis. This study explored a possible association of these 2 entities. Methods Laboratory records were searched for singleton cases coded as DCH based on diagnosis on H&E stain over a 6-year period. Of 4478 placentas reported, 66 cases were coded as DCH (1.5%). These were classified as showing HGFVM, LGFVM, or no FVM. Controls (n = 132) were gestational age-matched cases without DCH. Cord length, coiling, insertion, or other abnormalities were noted. Membranes were classified as normal or circumvallate. Results were analyzed using Graphpad. Results Gestation ranged between 16 and 41 weeks gestation. 14/66 (21%) cases of DCH showed HGFVM and 2/66 (3%) showed LGFVM. 16/132 (12%) controls showed HGFVM and 21/132 (15.9%) had LGFVM. Where FVM is present, high-grade FVM is significantly associated with DCH versus controls ( P < .0031 Fischer’s Test). Discussion HGFVM occurs significantly more often in placentas with DCH than in controls. Both FVM and DCH are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, and a possible relationship between the 2 remains to be clarified.

Case Report: Internal Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Rare Complication After Fibrin Glue Injection for Cavernous Sinus Hemostasis

Background: Fibrin glue injection within the cavernous sinus (CS) is a demonstrably safe and simple technique to control venous bleeding with a low complication rate. However, this technique does have inherent risks. We illustrate 2 cases of internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis after fibrin glue injection in the CS for hemostasis.Methods: After encountering this complication recently, we conducted a retrospective review of the surgical database of 2 senior neurosurgeons who specialize in cerebrovascular and skull base surgery to identify patients with any complications associated with the use of fibrin glue injection for hemostasis. Approval was given by respective institutional review boards, and patient consent was obtained.Results: Of more than 10,000 microsurgery procedures performed by 2 senior neurosurgeons with a combined experience of 40 years, including procedures for aneurysms and skull base tumors, 2 cases were identified involving ICA thrombosis after fibrin glue injection in the CS for hemostasis. Both cases involved severe ischemic complications as a result of the ICA thrombosis. In this article, we present their clinical presentation, characteristics, management, and outcomes.Conclusion: Direct injection of fibrin glue into the CS for hemostasis can effectively control venous bleeding and facilitate complex dissections. However, it can be associated with ICA thrombosis, with subsequent serious ischemia and poor prognosis. Although this complication appears to be rare, increased awareness of this problem should temper the routine use of fibrin glue in anterior clinoidectomy and transcavernous approaches.

Methods of Haemostasis and Restore of Bladder-urethral Segment During Retropubic Prostatectomy in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

The objective: to estimate methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and methods. Analysis of methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia was performed. Results. Open retropubic prostatectomy (like transbladder prostatectomy) was recommended by European Association of Urology (EAU, 2020) as operation of first choice for surgical treatment big size prostatic hyperplasias. The authors gave such prevalences of retropubic prostatectomy over trans-bladder: operation is performed under visual control that gives haemostatic control of prostatic cavity and removing all parts of nodules; the bladder is not drainaged that avoids disuria in postoperative period, decreases postoperative bed-time and increases comfort for patients; urethra is cut by scissor in apical part of prostate that is prophylaxis tearing of urethra, trauma of exernal sphincter, stricture of memranaceas urethra and urine incontinence after operation; reconstruction of bladder-urethral segment is performed that is prophylaxis of stricture of bladder neck; surgeon can performed simultaneous hernioplasty and retropubic prostatectomy in case of inquinal hernia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arterial and venous blood supplying of bladder and enlarged prostate were wrote. Places of arterial and venous bleeding after cutting of prostatic capsule and removing nodules, prophylaxis suturing of arterial and venous bleeding places were noted. Original own methods of restoring of bladder-urethral segment and haemostasis of prostatic cavity by using two or three П-like catgut sutures were shown. For simplifying operation and decreasing time of performing operation and increasing haemostasis of prostatic cavity authors recommended performing passing haemostatic sutures throught prostatic capsule only once and linking of sutures on muscle peaces from rectus muscle (or pyramidal muscle). In case of absent bleeding from prostatic cavity the simplify method of bladder neck trigonisation by using two П-like catgut sutures or two V-like catgut sutures on bladder neck for prophylaxis of bladder neck stenosis was recommended (proximal trigonisation of bladder neck in prostatic cavity). Review of haemostatic merhods of prostatic cavity during retropubic prostatectomy was shown. Conclusion. Analysis of methods of haemostasis and restore of bladder-urethral segment and own original methods during retropubic prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia allow improve haemostasis of prostatic cavity, prophylaxis of bladder neck and urethra stenosis, decrease intraoperative bleeding and period of operation.

Endoscopic Transoral Approach for Resection of Basal Cell Adenoma Arising in Parapharyngeal Space

Objectives The clinical and radiological characteristics of the basal cell adenoma (BCA) and its association with the internal carotid artery (ICA) in the parapharyngeal space (PPS), have not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients with BCA arising in the PPS and to evaluate the feasibility of a total resection via an endoscopic transoral corridor. Design and Main Outcome Measures The clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of four patients with BCA arising in the PPS were retrospectively analyzed. The endoscopic transoral approach was performed for resection of BCA. Its technical nuances, perioperative comorbidities, and outcomes are introduced. Results The clinical presentation, symptoms, and signs of patients with BCA are variable. The tumor was lateral to the ICA in two patients and anterior to the ICA in the remaining two. All four BCA were successfully removed en bloc (n = 3) or by piecemeal (n = 1) via an endoscopic transoral approach. The ICA was not injured, and no additional nerve damage, venous bleeding, postoperative infection, or salivary gland fistula were encountered in any of the four patients. Cystic degeneration is the predominant appearance of BCA on MRI; however, they are difficult to differentiate from other lesions arising in the PPS. No recurrence was detected at the time of the study analysis. Conclusion BCA of the PPS could have variable relationships with the ICA. An endoscopic transoral approach can provide an adequate corridor for total resection of BCA in PPS with seemingly low morbidity.

Extirpation of a Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm Accompanied by Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at the Craniovertebral Junction via a Posterolateral Approach: The Management of Extradural Venous Congestion

Objective This study was aimed to discuss how to control extradural venous congestion with an increased pressure in cases of arteriovenous shunt disease of the craniovertebral junction. Design The study is presented through an operative video. Results A 77-year-old patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage had a dural arteriovenous fistula located at the C1–C2 level. Left vertebral angiography showed a fistula between the left C2 radiculomeningeal muscular artery and perivertebral plexus. Furthermore, right vertebral angiography showed a ruptured aneurysm at the aberrant branch of the anterior spinal artery originating from the contralateral vertebral artery (VA), possibly formed because of the concurrently increased pressure of the perimedullary veins. Aneurysm extirpation was planned through a posterolateral approach. To reduce venous bleeding during the approach, preoperative embolization of the radiculomeningeal muscular artery was performed. During surgery, the suboccipital triangle was exposed following layer-by-layer dissection of the suboccipital muscles (Figs. 1 and 2). Subperiosteal dissection of the paravertebral plexus surrounding the VA around the C1 lamina was effective to avoid venous bleeding. A bloodless operative field was achieved, and key anatomical structures, such as the C2 nerve root, feeder, and V3 portion of the left VA, were clearly identified. With a sufficient amount of lateral exposure, the ruptured anterior spinal artery aneurysm was successfully extirpated with bipolar coagulation. The patient was discharged with no neurologic deficit. Conclusion Controlling extradural venous congestion is essential to obtain a clear operative field in cases of arteriovenous shunt disease at the craniovertebral junction.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/fCT69WtAQbo.