Malaria Control: Epidemic Progression Calculation Based on Individual Mobility Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-183
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Gueye ◽  
Hubert Naacke ◽  
Idrissa Sarr ◽  
Lynda Bouzid Khiri ◽  
Stéphane Gancarski
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Individual Mobility

scholarly journals Socio-economic indicators correlate with daily mobility during the second-wave of the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Long ◽  
Chang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Over Time

Non-pharmaceutical interventions are being used globally to limit the spread of Covid-19, which are in turn affecting individual mobility patterns. Mobility measures were found to be strongly associated with regional socio-economic indicators during the first wave of the pandemic. Here, we use network mobility data from an ~3.5 million person sample of individuals in Ontario, Canada to study the association between three different individual-mobility measures and four socio-economic indicators throughout the first and second wave of Covid-19 (January to December 2020). We demonstrate that understanding how mobility behaviours have changed in response to Covid-19 varies considerably depending on how mobility is measured. We find a strong positive association between different mobility levels and the economic deprivation index, which demonstrates that inequities in the changes to mobility across economic gradients observed during the initial lockdown have persisted into the later stages of the pandemic. However, the associations between mobility and other socio-economic indicators vary over time. We capture a strong day-of-week pattern of association between socio-economic indicators and mobility levels. Our findings have important implications for understanding if and how mobility data should be used to study the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the socio-economic conditions across geographical space, and over time. Our results support that Covid-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions have resulted in geographically disparate responses to mobility behaviour, and quantifying mobility changes at fine geographical scales is crucial to understanding the impacts of Covid-19 on local populations.

scholarly journals Varieties of mobility measures: Comparing survey and mobile phone data during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Kalleitner ◽  
David W. Schiestl ◽  
Georg Heiler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Measures to reduce individual mobility are prime governmental non-pharmaceutical interventions to curb infection rates during a pandemic. To evaluate the effectiveness of these efforts scientific research relies on a variety of mobility measures that commonly stem from two main data sources: survey-self-reports and behavioral mobility data from mobile phones. However, little is known about how mobility from survey self-reports relates to popular mobility estimates using GSM and GPS data. Spanning March 2020 until April 2021 this study compares self-reported mobility from a panel survey in Austria to aggregated mobility estimates utilizing (i) GSM data and (ii) Google's Community Mobility Reports. Our analyses show that correlations in mobility changes over time are high, both in general and when comparing different subgroups. Differences emerge if subgroup differences are compared between mobility estimates. Overall, our findings suggest that these mobility measures manage to capture similar latent variables but researchers should be aware of the specific form of mobility different data sources measure.

An Evaluation of a Plasma Fractionation System

1960 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-044
Author(s):  
George Y. Shinowara ◽  
E. Mary Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

SummaryFour primary fractions comprising at least 97 per cent of the plasma proteins have been critically appraised for evidence of denaturation arising from a low temperature—low ionic strength fractionation system. The results in addition to those referable to the recovery of mass and biological activity include the following: The high solubilities of these fractions at pH 7.3 and low ionic strengths; the compatibility of the electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal data of the individual fractions with those of the original plasma; and the recovery of hemoglobin, not hematin, in fraction III obtained from specimens contaminated with this pigment. However, the most significant evidence for minimum alterations of native proteins was that the S20, w and the electrophoretic mobility data on the physically recombined fractions were identical to those found on whole plasma.The fractionation procedure examined here quantitatively isolates fibrinogen, prothrombin and antithrombin in primary fractions. Results have been obtained demonstrating its significance in other biological systems. These include the following: The finding of 5 S20, w classes in the 4 primary fractions; the occurrence of more than 90 per cent of the plasma gamma globulins in fraction III; the 98 per cent pure albumin in fraction IV; and, finally, the high concentration of beta lipoproteins in fraction II.

Spatial Metabolomics of the Human Kidney Using MALDI Trapped Ion Mobility Imaging Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Neumann ◽  
Lukasz Migas ◽  
Jamie L. Allen ◽  
Richard Caprioli ◽  
Raf Van de Plas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Trapped Ion ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Ion Mobility Separation

<div> <div> <p>Small metabolites are essential for normal and diseased biological function but are difficult to study because of their inherent structural complexity. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of small metabolites is particularly challenging as MALDI matrix clusters are often isobaric with metabolite ions, requiring high resolving power instrumentation or derivatization to circumvent this issue. An alternative to this is to perform ion mobility separation before ion detection, enabling the visualization of metabolites without the interference of matrix ions. Here, we use MALDI timsTOF IMS to image small metabolites at high spatial resolution within the human kidney. Through this, we have found metabolites, such as arginic acid, acetylcarnitine, and choline that localize to the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis, respectively. We have also demonstrated that trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) can resolve matrix peaks from metabolite signal and separate both isobaric and isomeric metabolites with different localizations within the kidney. The added ion mobility data dimension dramatically increased the peak capacity for molecular imaging experiments. Future work will involve further exploring the small metabolite profiles of human kidneys as a function of age, gender, and ethnicity.</p></div></div>

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