Accurate Graphic Symbol Detection in Ancient Document Digital Reproductions

The effect of an aided graphic augmentative communication system on communication and speech in a 4‐year 7‐month‐old child with developmental delay was evaluated in this case study. An alternating treatment design was used across 2 mealtime settings (morning tea and lunch) over a 6‐week period with counterbalancing of aided and unaided conditions. Once graphic symbol use emerged, there were slightly higher levels of unprompted communication and requests in the aided condition and a lower proportion of acts contained nonsymbolic communication. There was also a higher number of different words + symbols used in the aided condition. The introduction of the graphic symbols did not appear to have detrimental effects on speech but there was no evidence of sustained increase in frequency of speech or spoken vocabulary in the aided condition. Substantial increases were noted in the number of unprompted communicative turns and range of total vocabulary over the course of the study in both conditions. The need for further research on the effects of AAC on speech and communication in preschool children is highlighted.

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A Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Kitchen God Image

Journal of Humanistic Psychology ◽

10.1177/00221678211020856 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002216782110208

Author(s):

Jingyu Liang ◽

Yancui Zhang ◽

Ruitong Guo ◽

Heyong Shen

Keyword(s):

God Image ◽

Chinese Society ◽

Chinese People ◽

Sandplay Therapy ◽

Jungian Analysis ◽

Graphic Symbol ◽

Psychological Significance ◽

Conscious Level ◽

God Imagery ◽

The Impact

This article studies the impact of Kitchen God beliefs and worship on Chinese mentality and behavior, both consciously and unconsciously. At the conscious level, the evolution of the Kitchen God beliefs has gone through four stages; Nature God, Animal God, Half-animal/Half human God, and finally Human God. The evolution of the Kitchen God in China displays the features of a couple, aging and secularization. The experience of “returning to the sacred origin” can be obtained through Kitchen God worship by burning an old paper image of the Kitchen God and pasting of a new one of him beside the kitchen stove year after year during the Kitchen God festival. The secret to continuity of life lies in repetition. The image of the Kitchen God as an important graphic symbol is formed by a constellation of images; good pot and evil pot, two dragons playing with a bead, rooster and dog, the psychological archetypes as yin and yang, unity of opposites, transformation and integration. This ritual serves as a bridge between Chinese people and their “ancestors,” “the other realm” (nirvana), and “the Self.” On an unconscious level, the psychological significance of Kitchen God beliefs is analyzed through “the family hexagram.” The collective unconscious for the Chinese can be revealed by a continuous pattern of concentric circles structure, that is, “heaven and earth—the Kitchen God—ancestors—parents—offspring.” Through a clinical case using Sandplay Therapy, this article will show that Kitchen God imagery unconsciously shows the constellation of “family.” Family is the place of belonging and home for Chinese people, helping the client return to his inner source and gain strength through acceptance and transformation. The implication of Kitchen God beliefs for today’s Chinese society is to return to the most primitive “Tao,” which presents a possible cure for many kinds of psychological problems we are facing. It suggests that researchers pay attention to the psychological phenomenon of clients’ using the Kitchen God image to express their cultural feelings toward family in psychological practice.

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