scholarly journals Anti-corruption

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Caroline D. Ditlev-Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Political Contributions ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Charitable Contributions ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Voluntary Community

AbstractRepresenting at least five percent of world GDP, corruption is a great challenge in general, and especially associated with sustainable business, both nationally and internationally. In this chapter, I reflect on how to address corruption and anti-corruption practices. Typical forms of corruption include bribery, facilitation payments, gifts, hospitality and expenses, political contributions, charitable contributions, sponsorships, voluntary community contributions, trading in influence, and conflict of interest and impartiality. Corruption leads to weak institutions and injustice, less respect for rights, denial of basic services, and several of the world’s environmental damage and tragedies are associated with corruption. Studies show that almost half of the companies have experienced fraud over the past two years. This chapter addresses the corruption challenges, how they are addressed by corporations and key international laws as well as challenges associated with norms and behaviors. How to detect and avoid corruption receives key attention. As anti-corruption is a huge topic and challenge, and only limited space is available in the book, the topic is presented from a more general perspective. Even though anti-corruption is often left out when talking about sustainability, it cannot be excluded from a book on sustainability and responsibility.

Ludic Recycling in Latin American Art : From Remixing the City to Sampling Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schleiner
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Art ◽  
American Art ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
The City

In this chapter I foreground an ecologically aware, ludic approach to crafting public art experiences, drawing primarily from interviews with four prominent Latin American artists. Conditions observable in the global South that influence these artworks include urban sprawl and shanty towns, electronics waste sites accumulating from the rapid production cycles of electronic hardware, and the environmental damage of natural habitats. My intent in this chapter is to offer a view into a field of public art production in Latin America where artists and critics have over the past few decades developed a sophisticated, yet inclusive visual, interactive, and playful dialogue with the public.

scholarly journals Do Charitable Subsidies Crowd Out Political Giving? The Missing Link between Charitable and Political Contributions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bariş K. Yörük
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Contributions ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Marginal Tax Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Charitable Contributions ◽  
Tax Rate

Abstract In the United States, charitable contributions can be deducted from taxable income making the price of giving inversely related to the marginal tax rate. However, several other types of contributions such as donations to political organizations are not tax deductible. This paper investigates the spillover effects of charitable subsidies on political giving using five cross-sectional surveys of charitable and political giving in the United States conducted from 1990 to 2001. The results show that charitable and political giving are complements. Compared with non-donors, charitable donors are more likely to donate and give more to political organizations. Increasing the price of charitable giving decreases not only charitable giving but also the probability of giving and the amount of donations to political organizations. This effect is robust under different specifications and highlights the externalities created by charitable subsidies.

Environmental Law — The Black Sheep in Rome Il's Drive for Legal Certainty? Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No. 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations in Context

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Guinchard ◽  
Simone Lamont-Black
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Black Sheep ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
International Laws ◽  
The Law ◽  
Contractual Obligations

Early in 2009, the Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations came into force in the European Community. As the very first European Regulation on choice of law, it finally enables environmental lawyers to refer to a single primary source throughout the EC when dealing with conflict of laws issues (that is, cases having a foreign element, such as those involving transboundary pollution) rather than asserting the law applicable according to the private international laws of the numerous Member States. This article focuses on the rules relating to environmental damage and, in particular, on Article 7, which appears to be the ‘black sheep’ of Rome II. In contrast to Rome II as a whole, Article 7 has no real background in European tradition; it is expressly grounded in Community law, and, last but not least, it deliberately creates uncertainty. Despite its character as an inverse mirror of the system of Rome II, Article 7 is a welcome solution in the interests of the protection of the environment and it reinforces Community policies in the absence of further harmonisation in this field since, for the purpose of deterrence, the burden of uncertainty falls on the alleged polluter.

scholarly journals Protecting the Environment during and after Resource Extraction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Greenspan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Irreparable Harm ◽  
Scarce Water

Natural resources extraction inevitably imposes environmental damage including diversion of scarce water away from pressing local needs, disruption of fragile ecosystems, and longer-range and often irreparable harm. These fall most forcefully on the local populations at or near the extraction sites but also beyond. Effective regulation of extractive industries is critical to balance immediate needs with longer-term considerations. Unfortunately, much extraction takes place in countries with weak institutions and poor success rates in addressing any of their environmental challenges and often rampant corruption undercutting fair application of rules. This chapter concludes that improving practices requires a long and sustained commitment from everyone involved—the countries and industry.

Professionalism and Conflict of Interest

ASHA Leader ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 25-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan O. Diefendorf
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest
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