Keynes’s Horizontal Connections

2022 ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
Jesús Muñoz-Bandala
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Connections

Horizontal Connections for Precast Concrete Shear Wall Panels Under Cyclic Shear Loading

PCI Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Soudki ◽  
Jeffrey S. West ◽  
Sami H. Rizkalla ◽  
Bruce Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Cyclic Shear ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Wall Panels

MODELING THE SINOATRIAL NODE BY CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH IRREGULAR TOPOLOGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANUTA MAKOWIEC
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Sinoatrial Node ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
System Control ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Cellular Dynamics ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Intercellular Connections

The role of irregularity in intercellular connections is studied in the first natural human pacemaker called the sinoatrial node by modeling with the Greenberg–Hastings cellular automata. Facts from modern physiology about the sinoatrial node drive modeling. Heterogeneity between cell connections is reproduced by a rewiring procedure applied to a square lattice. The Greenberg–Hastings rule, representing the intrinsic cellular dynamics, is modified to imitate self-excitation of each pacemaker cell. Moreover, interactions with nearest neighbors are changed to heterogeneous ones by enhancing horizontal connections. Stationary states of the modeled system emerge as self-organized robust oscillatory states. Since the sinoatrial node role relies on a single cell cyclic activity, properties of single cells are studied. It appears that the strength and diversity of cellular oscillations depend directly on properties of intrinsic cellular dynamics. But these oscillations also depend on the underlying topology. Moderate nonuniformity of intercellular connections are found vital for proper function of the sinoatrial node, namely, for producing robust oscillatory states that are able to respond effectively to the autonomic system control.

Smart Culture and Heritage, the “Rare” Category of SSC Classifications

2022 ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Asikis ◽  
Ioannis Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
City Life ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Rare Category ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
Virtual Events

ISO and ITU propose some classifications regarding the smart sustainable cities services: energy, transport, health, tourism, education, safety, environment, governance, commerce, buildings, community. Culture and heritage is a rare category in these classifications, despite the fact they have to be always been included in an SSC ecosystem. They could play a key role in achieving the 17 SDGs due to some critical reasons: their deep roots in humanity, their wide spread across city life and environment, hence their horizontal connections with all the other SSC categories. There are many options of SSC structures, which have the potential to be dedicated on culture and heritage. QR codes, GIS., VR, apps, IoT, virtual events are some of them, widely implemented by cities. Via these ways, culture and heritage could 1) contribute to the humans' welfare index and 2) interact with the other sectors of the city ecosystem. Their added value to the sustainability process creates the necessity to be a distinctive category in international SSC classifications.

scholarly journals Analysis of Equivalent Diaphragm Vault Structures in Masonry Construction under Horizontal Forces

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-1017
Author(s):  
Pier Silvio Marseglia ◽  
Francesco Micelli ◽  
Maria Antonietta Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

In seismic areas, masonry construction is prone to brittle failures due to the mechanical behavior of the constituent materials and to the low capacity of force redistributions. The redistribution capacity is mainly due to the presence of horizontal connections upon the walls and to the stiffness of the roof, which is typically a vaulted structure. The modeling of the global behavior of a masonry building, taking into account the accurate stiffness of the vaults, is a major issue in seismic design and assessment. The complex geometry of the vaults can be considered as an equivalent plate, able to replicate the stiffness behavior and the force redistribution capacity of the real vault. In this study, the efforts of the authors are addressed to the definition of a plate, able to replace the vaulted surfaces in a global numerical model. The ideal diaphragm is considered as a generally orthotropic plate with the same footprint and the same thickness of the original vault. An extended parametric study was conducted in which the mechanical and geometrical parameters were varied, such as the vault thickness, its dimensions, the constraint conditions, and the possible presence of side walls. The results are presented and discussed herein, with the aim of providing useful information to the researchers and practitioners involved in seismic analyses of historical masonry construction.

Late Maturation (Age >5 Years) of Long-Range Spatial Interactions in Humans

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 213-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kozma ◽  
I Kovács ◽  
G Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
Maturation Age

We have studied the development of long-range spatial interactions in children (age 5 – 14 years) with normal vision. In our field study involving 410 normal children we used a battery of contour-integration cards that were developed earlier to test amblyopic patients (Kovács, Polat, and Norcia, paper presented at ARVO 1996). Each card consisted of a closed chain of collinearly aligned Gabor patches (contour) and a background of randomly oriented and positioned Gabor patches (noise). Subjects were asked to identify the location of the contour, and also to trace the contour within each card. The value of P was varied across cards (1.1 > P > 0.65), where P is the ratio of noise spacing to contour spacing. It is assumed that long-range, orientation-specific facilitatory interactions connect collinear contour segments together for P < 1. The strength of long-range interactions is defined by the minimal value of P yielding contour segregation. Children in the 13 – 14 years age group were able to see most of the contours ( Pmin < 0.7), while 5 – 6-year-old children missed the contours in about half of the cards ( Pmin < 0.9). This result indicates a very late maturation of long-range spatial interactions. It is possible that the late formation of horizontal connections in superficial layers of the human primary visual cortex (Burkhalter et al, 1993 Journal of Neuroscience13 1916 – 1931) is the neural basis of our developmental finding.

Widespread Horizontal Connections Arising from Layer 5/6 Border Inverted Cells in Rabbit Visual Cortex

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceptión Reblet ◽  
Antonio López-Medina ◽  
Sonia M. Gómez-Urquijo ◽  
José L. Bueno-López
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Rabbit Visual Cortex
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