Smart Culture and Heritage, the “Rare” Category of SSC Classifications

ISO and ITU propose some classifications regarding the smart sustainable cities services: energy, transport, health, tourism, education, safety, environment, governance, commerce, buildings, community. Culture and heritage is a rare category in these classifications, despite the fact they have to be always been included in an SSC ecosystem. They could play a key role in achieving the 17 SDGs due to some critical reasons: their deep roots in humanity, their wide spread across city life and environment, hence their horizontal connections with all the other SSC categories. There are many options of SSC structures, which have the potential to be dedicated on culture and heritage. QR codes, GIS., VR, apps, IoT, virtual events are some of them, widely implemented by cities. Via these ways, culture and heritage could 1) contribute to the humans' welfare index and 2) interact with the other sectors of the city ecosystem. Their added value to the sustainability process creates the necessity to be a distinctive category in international SSC classifications.

Performance Analysis of Zakat-Based Empowerment to Improve Mustahik's Welfare

This study aims to analyze the performance of zakat in improving the welfare of mustahik through zakat-based empowerment programs. Mustahik's welfare can be measured in terms of material and spiritual conditions, level of human development, and level of independence of mustahik. This research is a quantitative study using a multi-stage weigh index estimation technique that functions to generate a zakat welfare index from each variable. The data used are primary and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews, and distributing questionnaires to zakat recipients of Rumah Zakat in Malang. While the secondary data was obtained from the results of the literature study. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling to obtain data following the research objectives. The results of this study are, first, the results found that zakat can improve the material and spiritual conditions of mustahik. Based on the CIBEST model, it has been found that there is an increase in the welfare index of mustahik by 42.5%. Second, zakat-based empowerment increases the condition of the mustahik HDI by 3.1%, which means that zakat has not been able to have a major influence on the mustahik HDI. Third, the zakat-based empowerment program can increase the mustahik's level of independence by 16.8%. This index shows that mustahik already has a permanent job or business and saves after obtaining empowerment. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that zakat-based empowerment can improve the welfare of mustahik. It is noted that the welfare of mustahik has increased by 21.6% from the previous condition.

Measurement of Zakat Impact on Baitul Maal Hidayatullah: Evidence from Indonesia

<p><em>Zakat is the third pillar of Islam that must be fulfilled by every Muslim who has a sufficient amount of zakat. The purpose of zakat management is to increase the benefits of zakat in creating social welfare and poverty alleviation. This study aims to measure the impact of zakat on the welfare of mustahiq using the Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (CIBEST) model. The research sample consisted of mustahiq households who received zakat funds from the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Amil Zakat Institute (LAZ BMH). Measuring the impact of zakat using the CIBEST model includes both material and spiritual aspects. </em><em>The </em><em>primary data were collected using a questionnaire. The results of the study found that the mustahiq household welfare index value increased by 11.5 per cent. In terms of material, productive zakat succeeded in reducing material poverty by 11.5 per cent</em><em>. However, the zakat assistance provided </em><em>does not have a significant effect on poverty alleviation. In the spiritual aspect, productive zakat can maintain mustahiq's spiritual stability. Therefore, as a form of accountability</em><em>, both vertically and horizontally, to </em><em>Allah SWT, the impact of zakat must be increased from both material and spiritual aspects</em><em>.</em></p>

Using Expert Elicitation to Abridge the Welfare Quality® Protocol for Monitoring the Most Adverse Dairy Cattle Welfare Impairments

The Welfare Quality® consortium has developed and proposed standard protocols for monitoring farm animal welfare. The uptake of the dairy cattle protocol has been below expectation, however, and it has been criticized for the variable quality of the welfare measures and for a limited number of measures having a disproportionally large effect on the integrated welfare categorization. Aiming for a wide uptake by the milk industry, we revised and simplified the Welfare Quality® protocol into a user-friendly tool for cost- and time-efficient on-farm monitoring of dairy cattle welfare with a minimal number of key animal-based measures that are aggregated into a continuous (and thus discriminative) welfare index (WI). The inevitable subjective decisions were based upon expert opinion, as considerable expertise about cattle welfare issues and about the interpretation, importance, and validity of the welfare measures was deemed essential. The WI is calculated as the sum of the severity score (i.e., how severely a welfare problem affects cow welfare) multiplied with the herd prevalence for each measure. The selection of measures (lameness, leanness, mortality, hairless patches, lesions/swellings, somatic cell count) and their severity scores were based on expert surveys (14–17 trained users of the Welfare Quality® cattle protocol). The prevalence of these welfare measures was assessed in 491 European herds. Experts allocated a welfare score (from 0 to 100) to 12 focus herds for which the prevalence of each welfare measure was benchmarked against all 491 herds. Quadratic models indicated a high correspondence between these subjective scores and the WI (R2 = 0.91). The WI allows both numerical (0–100) as a qualitative (“not classified” to “excellent”) evaluation of welfare. Although it is sensitive to those welfare issues that most adversely affect cattle welfare (as identified by EFSA), the WI should be accompanied with a disclaimer that lists adverse or favorable effects that cannot be detected adequately by the current selection of measures.

Construction of Household Welfare Index and Welfare Impact of International Remittances in Rural Bangladesh

This paper mainly focuses on the construction of a household welfare index to examine the welfare impact of international remittances in rural Bangladesh. This paper, in achieving this objective, uses primary data and several methods. This paper constructs a household welfare index newly to measure the level of household welfare. Besides, a linear regression and Chi-square test is used to examine the welfare and poverty impact of international remittances, respectively. Remittance receiving households enjoy the higher level of welfare more than non-recipient households in the study area. Household welfare is augmented by 0.116 if the household is under the shade of international remittances. A significant impact of international remittances on the reduction of household poverty is also found in this study. Therefore, this paper suggests policymakers for utilizing international remittances as a significant tool to enhance household welfare and to reduce household poverty.

Forest and Society’s Welfare: Impact Assessment in Lithuania

Effective formation and implementation of forest policy can only be achieved with orientation to the most important goal—increasing society’s welfare. The global problem is, at present, that the impact of forests on society welfare indexes have not been identified. The aim of the study is to design an assessment model and assess the impact of Lithuanian forests on the society welfare index. The impact of forests was determined by multiplying the country’s welfare of society index by the forest contribution coefficient. In this study, to assess the index of the welfare of Lithuanian society, a five-dimensional model with 16 indicators was applied. The study is based on the Eurostat database and on Lithuanian forestry statistics. The Lithuanian welfare of society index calculated according to the model was 51.4% and the contribution of forests in this index was 3.9%. It represented 7.6% of the index of the welfare of society. Forests have the greatest impact in the environmental dimension, according to the assessment results.

PRO-POOR GROWTH: CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT IN CASE OF PAKISTAN

Purpose of the study: The study aims to investigate the welfare of the citizens of Pakistan and to compare the traditional economic growth rate i.e. IWI with welfare indices i.e. ACEWI, ACPWI-I, ACPWI-II. Methodology: For the welfare index, Ahluwalia and Chenery Welfare Index have been used to evaluate the welfare of the people in Pakistan. The study used time series data from 1990 to 2017. Main Findings: Outcomes stated that the traditional measure of household income growth is far greater than the real growth rate which was measured through ACWI’s. Pakistan’s economy lacks equal distribution of income among different sections of the society because of government fiscal policy. Novelty/Originality of this study: This investigation will provide the policymaker with proper guidance for developing a policy for the fair distribution of the resources to build the standard of living of every citizen in Pakistan.

Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Areas in Mali

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of households’ food insecurity in rural areas in Mali, ranked among the most exposed to this phenomenon. The study used data from the national food security and nutritional survey in March 2016. The estimation of the econometric logit model by the maximum likelihood method revealed that regional location, age of household head, household size, level of education of the household head, welfare index and incomes’ diversification sources are the main determinants of households’ food insecurity in a rural area in Mali. The analysis shows that age of household head, size of household and practical of recession cropping affect positively food insecurity while the educational level of household head, welfare index and incomes ’diversification sources affect negatively food insecurity. These determinants are pillars on which policy maker might rely to reduce food insecurity. Therefore, it is desirable for government to orientate more the food insecurity fight programs towards the most affected regions, to prioritize households head with advanced age and those whose size is high, and promote recession cropping during the food insecurity fight plan, improve household education level, promote the household’s welfare and sensitize the households to diversify the sources of their income.

Indeks Kemaslahatan Dana Desa di Desa Sentul Bogor:

This research was designed using a mixed method of qualitative, quantitative and also includes participatory elements based on field observations. The types and categories of data, variables, indicators used are new, so this research can be categorized as explanatory research. In this case, the Wellbeing Methodology (WM) is used, which is conceptually outlined from the concept of Tauhidy String Relations (TSR). In this case, it aims to determine the welfare index of village funds in Sentul village, namely the aspect of maintaining religious faith X1 (θ), the aspect of maintaining the soul of X2 (θ), the aspect of maintaining property aspects of X3 (θ), maintaining Intellect X4 (θ) and aspects of maintaining descendant of X5 (θ). Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to determine the perceptions, participation and acceptability of the community regarding the benefit of village funds, with a total of 110 respondents who successfully filled out the questionnaire. From the data collected, and the results of the overall analysis, it can be concluded that the level of benefit for village funds in Sentul Village has a theta value of 3,612 which is considered good. Keywords: Maslahah, Benefit, Village Fund, Participation, Acceptability

YOUTH POLICY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

The article presents a brief overview of management effectiveness assessments by foreign and Russian researchers; the methodology of SIA (Social Impact Assessment) – assessment of social consequences in the implementation of development, methods of evaluating projects and programs (Global Youth Development Index and Global Youth Welfare Index). The experience of Kazakhstan (YDI and YWI indicators) is described; the experience of foreign countries and the EAEU countries is analyzed. It is proved that the existing problem in the field of public administration of youth policy programs is the lack of certain criteria and performance indicators that are not properly regulated and not fixed at the legislative level in Kazakhstan and other CIS/EAEU countries. In this regard, it is recommended to identify specific indicators for the effectiveness of the implementation of the state youth policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan; to test them based on the results of the activities of a particular region of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop recommendations for improving the manageability of youth programs.