In the scientific literature, there are reports on the compression of the nerves of the sacral plexus of the pelvic area or above the gluteal fold in different age periods of a person's life. However, not enough attention is paid by morphologists to the options for the exit of the pudendal, superior and inferior gluteal neurovascular bundles and the sciatic nerve from the pelvic cavity in the perinatal period of human ontogenesis. To perform therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations, as well as surgical interventions in the gluteal region, accurate information is required about the projection-syntopic relationships of the pudendal, superior and lower gluteal neurovascular bundles and the sciatic nerve in human fetuses of different age groups. The study was carried out on 34 preparations of human fetuses, 186.0-310.0 mm parietococcygeal length. The material was fixed in a 7% formalin solution for two weeks, after which the topographic anatomical features of the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the gluteal region in fetuses of 6-8 months were studied by fine dissection under the control of a binocular loupe. Human fetal preparations were received after artificial termination of pregnancy, which were carried out for social and medical reasons on the basis of district and city maternity hospitals. In 63.24% of the examined fetuses of 6-8 months, the projection of the superior gluteal vessels corresponds to the point located on the border between the upper and middle third osteocetabular line, less often (33.82% of observations) - downward (by 1.5-4, 3 mm) and medially (2.0-4.5 mm) from the specified point, and as an exception (only 3%) - 5.0-5.5 mm laterally from this point. The superior sciatic nerve is located 1.0-3.8 mm lateral to the vessels of the same name. In 75.01% of cases, the lower gluteal vessels leave the pelvis medially (by 2.0-4.7 mm) and down (by 1.5-4.2 mm) from the middle of the osteo-hump line. In 17.64% of observations, the projection of the lower gluteal vessels corresponds to the middle of the osteo-hump line, and in 7.35% of the fetuses, the projection of these vessels is determined 2.5-3.4 mm outward from the point located in the middle of the osteo-hump line. The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis mainly (75% of observations) medially (2.0-5.4 mm) from the middle of the hump-acetabular line, and in 25% of cases the projection of the sciatic nerve corresponds to the middle of this line.
Exposure of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region without sectioning the gluteus maximus: Analysis of a series of 18 cases
