Neural Vulnerability Factors that Increase Risk for Weight Gain: Prevention and Treatment Implications

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Sonja Yokum ◽  
Kyle Burger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Increase Risk

scholarly journals Neural vulnerability factors that increase risk for future weight gain.

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Sonja Yokum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Increase Risk

scholarly journals Reward Region Responsivity Predicts Future Weight Gain and Further Evidence that the TaqIA Allele Moderates these Predictive Effects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Stanley Burger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Allele Status ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Dopamine Signaling

As no large prospective study has evaluated neural vulnerability factors that predict future weight gain we tested whether neural response to receipt and anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted weight gain over 3-year follow-up in originally healthy-weight adolescents and whether relations were moderated by the TaqIA polymorphism, which affects dopamine signaling capacity. 153 adolescent humans completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms assessing response to these four events; body fat was assessed yearly over follow-up. Split half analyses indicated that elevated orbitofrontal cortex response to cues signaling impending milkshake receipt predicted future body fat gain (r = .32), which is a novel finding that provides support for the incentive sensitization theory of obesity. Neural response to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward did not predict body fat gain, which has not been tested previously. Replicating an interaction reported previously (Stice et al., 2008a), elevated caudate response to milkshake receipt predicted future body fat gain for youth with a genetic propensity for greater dopamine signaling by virtue of possessing the TaqIA A2/A2 allele, but lower caudate response predicted body fat gain for youth with a genetic propensity for less dopamine signaling by virtue of possessing a TaqIA A1 allele, though this interaction was only marginal (pFWE = .06). Parental obesity, which correlated with TaqIA allele status (OR = 2.7), similarly moderated the predictive effects of caudate response to milkshake receipt to body fat gain, which is also a novel finding. The former interaction implies that too much or too little dopamine signaling capacity and reward region responsivity may increase risk for overeating, suggesting the possibility of qualitatively distinct reward surfeit and reward deficit pathways to obesity.

scholarly journals Formative work to design a digital learning self-assessment and feedback tool to prevent weight gain among college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205520762097945
Author(s):  
Melissa A Napolitano ◽  
Sarah Beth Lynch ◽  
Meghan N Mavredes ◽  
Benjamin D Shambon ◽  
Laurie Posey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Sugary Beverages

Objective While colleges have implemented brief, tailored interventions for health-risk areas such as alcohol prevention, theoretically-guided digital learning offerings for weight gain prevention have lagged behind in programming and implementation. Thus, the objective was to design and usability test a weight gain prevention digital learning platform for college students with modules targeting key nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Methods Development occurred in iterative phases: formative research, descriptive normative data collection, prototype development, and usability testing. Formative research consisted of background work and survey administration to incoming and current freshmen. Prototype development was guided by theories of behavior change and cognitive processing, and consisted of brief assessment and feedback using written text, graphs, and videos. Iterative usability testing was conducted. Results Current freshmen reported eating more quick order meals per week than incoming freshman, but fewer high-fat snacks and fewer sugary beverages. Current freshmen reported more sedentary time than incoming freshmen. Based on iterative testing results, eight behavioral targets were established: breakfast, high-fat snacks, fried foods, sugary beverages, fruit/vegetables, physical activity, pizza intake, and sedentary behavior. Initial usability testers indicated the modules were easy to understand, held their attention, and were somewhat novel. Analysis of qualitative feedback revealed themes related to content, layout, structure and suggested refinements to the modules. Conclusions A gap exists for evidence-based obesity prevention programs targeted to adolescents as they transition into adulthood. Brief, tailored digital learning interventions show promise towards addressing key behavioral nutrition and physical activity targets among students during the transition to college.

Fitness Level and Risk of Weight Gain in Middle-Age Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Tucker ◽  
Travis Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background:This study was conducted to determine if cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline, and changes in fitness, influence risk of weight gain (≥3 kg) over 20 months. Another aim was to ascertain if potential confounding factors, including age, education, strength training, energy intake, and weight, influence risk of weight gain.Methods:In a prospective study of 257 women, fitness (VO2max) was assessed using a graded, maximal treadmill test at baseline and follow-up. Energy intake was measured using 7-day, weighed food records. Subjects were divided into quartiles based on fitness. Risk ratios were used to show the risk of weight gain among those who were fit at baseline compared with their counterparts.Results:Most women gained weight and 23% gained ≥3 kg. Mean VO2max was 35.7 ± 7.2 mL·kg−1·min−1. Women with low-fitness at baseline had 3.18 times (95% CI: 1.46 to 6.93) greater risk, and moderately fit women had 2.24 times (95% CI: 1.04 to 4.82) greater risk of weight gain than women in the high-fitness quartile. Adjusting for potential confounders had little effect on results.Conclusions:High levels of fitness seem to help protect middle-aged women against weight gain, whereas low and moderate fitness increase risk of weight gain over time.

Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F. Hayes ◽  
Deborah F. Tate ◽  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
Jessica Gokee LaRose ◽  
Amy A. Gorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Prevention Study

Impact of a workplace holiday weight gain prevention program

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G Wilson ◽  
Heather M Padilla ◽  
Lu Meng ◽  
Carmen N Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
State Government ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
Workplace Setting

Background: The average worker gains 2–3 lb (0.9–1.4 kg) a year, about half of which is gained during the fall holiday season (Halloween through New Year’s). Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct a pilot test of a weight gain prevention program that was implemented in a workplace setting during the fall holiday season. Methods: 239 state government employees participated in a weight gain prevention program offered during the fall holiday season. The program was a 10-week, team-based program that consisted of self-monitoring, regular weigh-ins, a team challenge, and organizational support. Weight was measured at baseline, every two weeks during the program, and post-program. Results: Participants lost a significant amount of weight (from 196.7 lb/89.2 kg to 192.3 lb/87.2 kg) during the program. Positive changes were observed in physical activity and eating behaviors. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a weight gain prevention program during a high risk period (fall holiday season) can be effective.

scholarly journals Images of a Healthy Worksite: A Group-Randomized Trial for Worksite Weight Gain Prevention With Employee Participation in Intervention Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 2167-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Diana Fernandez ◽  
Nancy P. Chin ◽  
Carol M. Devine ◽  
Ann M. Dozier ◽  
Camille A. Martina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Group Randomized Trial

Predicting depression in women: the role of past and present vulnerability

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BIFULCO ◽  
G. W. BROWN ◽  
P. MORAN ◽  
C. BALL ◽  
C. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Vulnerability ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Severe Life Events

Background. A prospective study, covering just over a 1-year period, sought to confirm an earlier finding that around 40% of women who experience a severe life event in the presence of two ongoing psychosocial vulnerability factors, (negative close relationships and low self-esteem) will develop a major depressive episode. Distal risk factors were examined to see if they improved prediction.Methods. A population sample of 105 mainly working-class mothers with vulnerability and without depression were interviewed three times over a 14-month period to date the occurrence of severe life events and onset of major depression. Degree of vulnerability was assessed at first contact together with distal risk in terms of childhood neglect/abuse and any earlier episodes of depression.Results. Thirty-seven per cent of these vulnerable women became depressed in the study period. The majority experienced a severe life event, and of these, 48% had onsets. Contrary to expectation, risk was only a little less among those with just one of the two vulnerability factors. Two-thirds of women with an onset had been depressed in previous years. Although this was associated with increased risk, the effect was greatest for those who had experienced an episode before age 20. A relationship between childhood neglect/abuse and onset was entirely accounted for by such early depression.Conclusion. An aetiological model of depression outlined in earlier research was confined with a new factor of teenage depression shown to increase risk of onset.

scholarly journals Physical activity and weight gain prevention in older men

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Shiroma ◽  
H D Sesso ◽  
I-M Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document