Marketing Business Services to Developing Countries: An Examination of Environmental Challenges to Service Exports

Author(s):  
S. Altan Erdem
Author(s):  
Carla Pires

e-Government (e-Gov) involves the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to achieve political goals. Innovative ICTs should be integrated in e-Gov and e-business services to maximize their potentialities/efficiency and to reduce costs. Currently, diverse conceptual models of e-Gov are purposed. These models are applied to understand and optimize governance processes. Globally, it is possible to identify a gap between e-Govs and digital enterprise transformation of developed and developing countries. Digital divisions are closely related to a gap between citizens, families, and businesses regarding the access to ICT and internet in different regions. Are the international recommendations on e-government, digital division and management, and strategies for digital enterprise transformation producing successful outputs? This study aims (1) to describe and analyze international recommendations on e-government, digital division and management, and strategies for digital enterprise transformation and (2) to present practical cases.


Author(s):  
Tilman Altenburg ◽  
Kasper Vrolijk

Enormous environmental challenges call for environmentally sustainable forms of economic development. In this chapter we discuss the urgency of green structural transformation in developing countries and the role that industrial hubs can play in this process. We first itemize the different grounds for ‘greening’ industrial structures, then review the most practical green industrial policies, and conclude by appraising three green hubs: eco-cities, green clusters, and eco-industrial parks. Altogether our chapter brings to the fore that there is considerable leeway for developing countries to seek spatial and non-spatial green policies to reduce their ecological footprint whilst increasing competitiveness simultaneously. There are indeed distinct cost advantages in incorporating green incentives and technologies in new cities, clusters, and parks, rather than retrofitting them ex post.


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