Child Poverty Reduction in Brazil: Reversing Bismarck?

2015 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Armando Barrientos ◽  
Amanda Telias Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty

Investing in subsidized childcare to reduce poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-319
Author(s):  
Tine Hufkens ◽  
Francesco Figari ◽  
Dieter Vandelannoote ◽  
Gerlinde Verbist
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Subsidized Childcare ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Welfare States

Expanding childcare is often considered as a suitable way to enhance employment opportunities for mothers with young children as well as to reduce child poverty. In this study, the authors critically investigate this assertion by simulating a set of scenarios of increasing subsidized childcare slots and mothers’ employment. For a variety of European welfare states, the impact on poverty and on the government’s budget is estimated using the European microsimulation model EUROMOD. The findings suggest that to achieve significant poverty reductions among young children, both additional childcare slots and increased mothers’ employment should be well targeted. The expenditures for additional childcare slots can to a large extent be recovered by the government receipts generated by the additional employment; however, there appears to be a trade-off between the extra revenue that can be generated and the extent of poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Economic growth and child poverty reduction in Bangladesh and China

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Shahanara Begum ◽  
Quheng Deng ◽  
Björn Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty

scholarly journals Redesigning the Welfare State

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boston
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Distributional Fairness ◽  
Fiscal Implications ◽  
The Welfare State

Since the beginnings of the welfare state, Aotearoa New Zealand has lacked a principled, comprehensive and consistent system for indexing social assistance to movements in consumer prices and/or wages. This deficiency applies not only to cash transfers but also to in-kind benefits. The absence of a robust and durable indexation regime is no accident. It reflects, among other things, an unwillingness of governments to determine an acceptable minimum standard of living for citizens and then protect, if not enhance, this standard over time. No doubt, the fiscal implications of a more consistent approach to indexation have loomed large in the political calculus. Yet if the current and future governments are to meet ambitious child poverty reduction targets and ensure greater distributional fairness, a new framework for indexation is essential. This article discusses the nature and purpose of indexation, the principles and other considerations that should inform the design of an indexation regime, the policy options available, and how a durable and defensible policy framework might be secured.

Impact of the Recession on Children in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradshaw ◽  
Gill Main
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Spending Cuts

Child poverty has been a focus of UK policy since then Prime Minister Tony Blair’s 1999 commitment to eradicate it within a generation. Significant reductions in child poverty were achieved from 2000–10. However, despite the 2010 Child Poverty Act enshrining this commitment into law, two factors threaten progress: the 2008 global financial crisis which shifted policy focus to national debt reduction rather than poverty reduction, and the shift from a Labour government to a Conservative-led coalition in 2010 and a Conservative majority government since 2015. Austerity, positioned as a necessary response to the crisis, has become the dominant economic policy. Public spending cuts have disproportionately impacted children and families. This chapter draws on nationally-representative data from the UK to explore trends in child poverty and deprivation, 2007/8–2013/14. While child poverty rates are yet to increase substantially, the vulnerability of children to future economic shocks is highlighted as a cause for concern.

Recession, Recovery, and Regime Change: Effects on Child Poverty in Hungary

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Gábos ◽  
István György Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Outward Migration

Despite high spending on family benefits and the high poverty reduction effectiveness of cash benefits, the risk of child poverty in Hungary have been higher than the EU average since the early 1990s in which the relatively high share of children in very low work-intensity households played a significant role. The crisis period brought an even higher poverty risk for children. According to the chapter’s findings, the increase in child poverty in the first phase of the crisis was driven by labour market processes (an increasing share of children in low work-intensity households), while the automatic stabilizers reduced the magnitude of these effects. By contrast, in the second phase, labour market processes started to improve (although mainly through controversial policy tools, like public work and outward migration), though the shift towards a regressive social policy regime contributed to increased poverty rates via the reduced poverty reduction impacts of cash benefits.

scholarly journals Supporting child development to reduce child health inequalities in Belgium: a realist evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Beauvarlet ◽  
M De Spiegelaere
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Vulnerable Families

Abstract Background Reducing social inequalities in child health is a major challenge in Belgium. In Brussels, 40% of children are born in a household below the poverty line. The most efficient way to reduce social inequalities in health is to address them on a structural level, via public policies that improve families’ income. But it is also proven that direct support of child development can reduce the risk of poverty in adulthood. Therefore, this study focuses on fields projects working directly with families living in poverty and aims to understand how, for whom and in which circumstances their actions can have effects on child’s development. Methods We conducted a realist evaluation of 30 field projects funded as part of the fight against child poverty and offering parenting support from prenatal period to the age of 6. Firstly, focus groups with the projects’ workers were conducted to identify the underlying mechanisms in their interventions and the contexts facilitating or hindering these mechanisms to achieve the desired effects. Secondly, these Context-Mechanisms-Outcomes (CMO) configurations are validated with project beneficiaries through semi-directed interviews, using picture telling. Results Despite the diversity of the actions carried out, common and transversal mechanisms are highlighted within 6 different CMOs that allow us to understand how and for whom those 30 projects work. Certain contexts - e.g. the characteristics of families, their feeling of freedom regarding the project, the density of projects network - can activate or hinder the mechanisms. We also note that workers tend to adjust their actions to support very vulnerable families for whom certain common mechanisms aren’t working. Conclusions This study, co-constructed through the collaboration of researchers and actors, could help workers to better understand and improve the mechanisms induced by their interventions, and stakeholders to recognise which projects are best suited to certain contexts. Key messages This realist evaluation enables to understand how for whom and in which circumstances field projects actions can have effects on child’s development and therefore take part in child poverty reduction. The realist approach used in this study, through the parallel evaluation of 30 different field projects, allows to refine hypothesis from one project to another, ensuring transferability of results.

scholarly journals Decomposing Child Poverty Reduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradshaw ◽  
Meg Huby
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Child Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh and China

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Shahanara Begum ◽  
Deng Quheng ◽  
Bjorn Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Poverty

scholarly journals Family Law – Solidarity or Disarray?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Bill Atkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Community Solidarity ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Professor Gordon Anderson and labour law are synonymous in New Zealand. Gordon has provided a vision for the future of labour law. This article is offered in a similar spirit. It was prepared for a conference on "The Future of Family Law", held in Auckland on 20 September 2018 with distinguished guest, Lady Brenda Hale, President of the United Kingdom Supreme Court. The history of family law in New Zealand is full of remarkable landmarks. Many align with the rights of various groups: children, women, Māori, those with intellectual disabilities, LGBTI+ communities and abuse victims. If we dig deeper, we find that the various parts do not make a very coherent and harmonious whole. The law is tugged in different directions. This article draws on the concept of "family solidarity", refashioned for New Zealand purposes as "family and community solidarity". Could this help develop a unifying theme? Could it form the basis for future family law reform? Developments such as legislation on child poverty reduction, the Ministry for Children and relationship property law are briefly explored. 

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