The chapter is intended to introduce Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), a widely spreading but largely unknown epidemic among professional and ordinary computer users, especially internet users. Dr. Sheedy and Dr. Anshel are two leading researchers in the ergonomics and optometry fields, and CVS has been extensively studied in these fields. The authors have summarized their views about CVS, including five major symptoms of CVS, three key contributing factors of CVS, and basic preventive and treatment strategies. Future researches are needed to continue the advancement of current knowledge regarding computer screens, computer task, and computer environments, and to expand research in diverse computer user populations, especially younger computer users.