Validation Study of a Wave Equation Model of Soft Tissue for a New Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Training System

Background: The difficulty of laparoscopic procedures and the specific psychomotor skills required support the need for a training system for intensive and repetitive practice to acquire the specific skills. The present VR training systems have some limitations with respect to the soft tissue models in the training system. This is associated with the need for a real-time simulation, which requires a balance between computational cost and accuracy. Objective: The primary objective of the study is to develop a two dimensional wave equation model that closely mimics the soft tissue manipulation in a laparoscopic procedure for a VR training system. Methods: A novel mathematical model based on the wave equation is prepared to represent the interaction between the laparoscopic tool and the soft tissue. The parameters within the model are determined through experimental analysis of a soft tissue phantom. The experimental setup involves a linear actuator applying force to the soft tissue phantom to generate deformation. Data acquisition is conducted through a camera and a robotic force acquisition system which measures force, displacement of the linear actuator and records a video. Through image processing, the displacements of the markers on the phantom’s x-y plane during its deformation are determined and these parameters are used to develop the model, which finally is validated through a comparative analysis. Results: The results from the developed model are observed and compared statistically as well as graphically with the finite element model based on deformation data. The results show that the deformation data between the developed model and the available model is significantly similar. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the adaptability of the wave equation to meet the needs of the specific surgical procedure through modification of the model based on the experimental data. Moreover, the comparative analysis further corroborates the relevance and validity of the model for the surgical training system.

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A virtual reality training system for the triage and stabilization of head trauma and multiple injury patients.

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e480002004-001 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Freeman ◽

Scott Thompson ◽

Eric Allely ◽

Annette Sobel ◽

Sharon Stansfield

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Training System ◽

Multiple Injury ◽

Virtual Reality Training ◽

Virtual Reality Training System ◽

Multiple Injury Patients

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A novel virtual reality based finger movement training system to investigate mechanisms of training induced plasticity

Aktuelle Neurologie ◽

10.1055/s-0029-1238378 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (S 02) ◽

Author(s):

R Gentner ◽

A Hefny ◽

W Farhan ◽

F Segor ◽

D Dees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Training System ◽

Finger Movement ◽

Movement Training

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Turning data into reality

10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.056 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S Leinster-Evans ◽

J Newell ◽

S Luck

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Mixed Reality ◽

Training System ◽

Value Proposition ◽

Immersive Environments ◽

Training Environment ◽

Service Support ◽

Rich Data ◽

And Training

This paper looks to expand on the INEC 2016 paper ‘The future role of virtual reality within warship support solutions for the Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers’ presented by Ross Basketter, Craig Birchmore and Abbi Fisher from BAE Systems in May 2016 and the EAAW VII paper ‘Testing the boundaries of virtual reality within ship support’ presented by John Newell from BAE Systems and Simon Luck from BMT DSL in June 2017. BAE Systems and BMT have developed a 3D walkthrough training system that supports the teams working closely with the QEC Aircraft Carriers in Portsmouth and this work was presented at EAAW VII. Since then this work has been extended to demonstrate the art of the possible on Type 26. This latter piece of work is designed to explore the role of 3D immersive environments in the development and fielding of support and training solutions, across the range of support disciplines. The combined team are looking at how this digital thread leads from design of platforms, both surface and subsurface, through build into in-service support and training. This rich data and ways in which it could be used in the whole lifecycle of the ship, from design and development (used for spatial acceptance, HazID, etc) all the way through to operational support and maintenance (in conjunction with big data coming off from the ship coupled with digital tech docs for maintenance procedures) using constantly developing technologies such as 3D, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality, will be proposed. The drive towards gamification in the training environment to keep younger recruits interested and shortening course lengths will be explored. The paper develops the options and looks to how this technology can be used and where the value proposition lies.

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