Nutrition and Insulin Resistance During Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract Our objective was to investigate associations of body size (birth weight and body mass index (BMI)) and growth in height, body fat (adiposity) and lean mass during childhood and adolescence, with risk markers for diabetes in young South Asian adults. We studied 357 men and women aged 21 years from the Pune Children’s Study birth cohort. Exposures were 1) birth weight, 21-year BMI, both of these mutually adjusted, and their interaction, and 2) uncorrelated conditional measures of growth in height and proxies for gain in adiposity and lean mass from birth to 8 years (childhood) and 8 to 21 years (adolescence) constructed from birth weight, and weight, height, and skinfolds at 8 and 21 years. Outcomes were plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test and derived indices of insulin resistance and secretion. Higher 21-year BMI was associated with higher glucose and insulin concentrations and insulin resistance, and lower disposition index. After adjusting for 21-year BMI, higher birth weight was associated with lower 120-min glucose and insulin resistance, and higher disposition index. In the growth analysis, greater adiposity gain during childhood and adolescence was associated with higher glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, and lower disposition index, with stronger effects from adolescent gain. Greater childhood lean gain and adolescent height gain were associated with lower 120-min glucose and insulin. Consistent with other studies, lower birth weight and higher childhood weight gain increases diabetes risk. Disaggregation of weight gain showed that greater child/adolescent adiposity gain and lower lean and height gain may increase risk.

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Accelerated atherosclerosis, hyperlipoproteinemia and insulin resistance in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma during childhood and adolescence

Neoplasma ◽

10.4149/neo_2019_190115n45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (06) ◽

pp. 978-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Cepelova ◽

J. Kruseova ◽

A. Luks ◽

V. Capek ◽

P. Cepela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Accelerated Atherosclerosis ◽

Long Term Survivors

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Abstract 046: Excessive Gain in BMI Between Age 7-16 is Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.a046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Julia Steinberger ◽

Alan R Sinaiko ◽

David R Jacobs ◽

Donald R Dengel ◽

Xia Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Adult Individual

Obesity in childhood has been shown to promote adult obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, little longitudinal information exists on the rate of progression of adiposity during childhood as a predictor of adult insulin resistance and markers of CVD risk. We hypothesize that excessive adiposity in childhood and adolescence predicts adult individual CV risk factors, insulin resistance and vascular changes. Children (n=383 mean age 7 yrs), were measured periodically for height, weight and blood pressure through adolescence. As adults (n=383, mean age 39 y, 50% female), height, weight, lipids, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were created by standard criteria. According to the CDC BMI growth charts, the normal mean change in BMI from age 7-16 at the 50th percentile is 5 kg/m 2 . Linear regression evaluated the influence of excessive weight gain in childhood on the development of adverse CVD risk factors in adulthood stratifying by 50 percentile change in BMI (≤5kg/m 2 vs >5kg/m 2 ) between childhood and adolescence, adjusting for confounding factors. Of 313 normal weight children, 32% stayed normal weight, 68% became overweight and obese in adulthood. Of 45 overweight children 90% stayed overweight or became obese in adulthood. Of 25 obese children 100% became overweight and stayed obese in adulthood. Compared to ≤5kg/m 2 , a BMI gain of >5 kg/m 2 between childhood and adolescence was more common in blacks than in whites and was associated with greater CV risk in adulthood: greater % obesity; higher blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance (M/lbm=insulin sensitivity) and cIMT (Table). These findings show that: 1) childhood adiposity is a strong predictor of adult overweight and obesity, and 2) excessive BMI gain between childhood and adolescence is a major determinant of obesity and CVD risk in adulthood.

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The Determinants for Adolescent Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder from Prenatal Period through Adolescence: a Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117070/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Hua Liang ◽

Jing-Yu Chen ◽

Ping Qu ◽

Xian Tang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Prenatal Period ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism ◽

Metabolism Disorder

Abstract To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for glycolipid metabolism disorder (GLMD) from the prenatal period through childhood and adolescence. A bidirectional cohort study which was established in 2014 and followed between March 1 and July 20, 2019 were designed to evaluate the risk factors for GLMD. Two stage stratified cluster sampling was used to include participants from four communities in two counties in Chongqing. 2808 healthy children aged between 6 and 9 years in 2014 entered the cohort in 2014, and followed in 2019 with a follow-up rate of 70%. 2,136 samples (aged 11·68 ± 0·60 years) were included. The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes/diabetes and dyslipidemia was 21·02%, 7·19% and 21·61%, respectively. Subjects with an urban residence, no pubertal development, dyslipidemia in 2014, higher family income, higher parental education, low quality of life (QoL), and unstable neurotic and psychotic personalities had significantly elevated fasting insulin (FI) or homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels; subjects with female sex, no pubertal development, dyslipidemia in 2014, obesity, gestational hypertension, maternal weight gain above Institute of Medicine guidelines, single parents, low QoL, introverted and unstable personality had increased triglyceride or triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Adolescent with rural residence and living convenience had higher HbA1c level. We observed that low QoL status, unstable and psychotic personality traits were associated with increased GLMD risk independent of obesity, suggesting that the community intervention to improve the QoL and psychological health of children is essential.

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