Abstract 046: Excessive Gain in BMI Between Age 7-16 is Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Alan R Sinaiko ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Donald R Dengel ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adult Individual

Obesity in childhood has been shown to promote adult obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, little longitudinal information exists on the rate of progression of adiposity during childhood as a predictor of adult insulin resistance and markers of CVD risk. We hypothesize that excessive adiposity in childhood and adolescence predicts adult individual CV risk factors, insulin resistance and vascular changes. Children (n=383 mean age 7 yrs), were measured periodically for height, weight and blood pressure through adolescence. As adults (n=383, mean age 39 y, 50% female), height, weight, lipids, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were created by standard criteria. According to the CDC BMI growth charts, the normal mean change in BMI from age 7-16 at the 50th percentile is 5 kg/m 2 . Linear regression evaluated the influence of excessive weight gain in childhood on the development of adverse CVD risk factors in adulthood stratifying by 50 percentile change in BMI (≤5kg/m 2 vs >5kg/m 2 ) between childhood and adolescence, adjusting for confounding factors. Of 313 normal weight children, 32% stayed normal weight, 68% became overweight and obese in adulthood. Of 45 overweight children 90% stayed overweight or became obese in adulthood. Of 25 obese children 100% became overweight and stayed obese in adulthood. Compared to ≤5kg/m 2 , a BMI gain of >5 kg/m 2 between childhood and adolescence was more common in blacks than in whites and was associated with greater CV risk in adulthood: greater % obesity; higher blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance (M/lbm=insulin sensitivity) and cIMT (Table). These findings show that: 1) childhood adiposity is a strong predictor of adult overweight and obesity, and 2) excessive BMI gain between childhood and adolescence is a major determinant of obesity and CVD risk in adulthood.

scholarly journals Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Amna Umer ◽  
Candice Hamilton ◽  
Lesley Cottrell ◽  
Peter Giacobbi ◽  
Kim Innes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child’s body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child’s BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = –0.007 (–0.008, –0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child’s current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.

Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
Kayoung Lee ◽  
Joohon Sung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Environmental Correlations

We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.

scholarly journals Associations between normal weight central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Mariko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that normal weight central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, studies conducted in the Japanese population have been very limited. Thus, the relationships between normal weight central obesity, classified using body mass index (BMI), the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and CVD risk factors in middle-aged Japanese adults were investigated. Methods The participants were Japanese adults aged 40–64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations in Japan during the period from April 2013 to March 2014. The participants were categorized into the following four groups: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and no central obesity (WHtR < 0.5) (NW); normal weight and central obesity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) (NWCO); obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and no central obesity (OB); and obesity and central obesity (OBCO). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or taking medication for hypertension. Dyslipidemia was defined as LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C < 40 mg/dl, triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl, or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or receiving medical treatment for diabetes mellitus. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Results A total of 117,163 participants (82,487 men and 34,676 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 15.6% in men and 30.2% in women. With reference to NW, the ORs for hypertension (adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17–1.27 in men, 1.23, 1.16–1.31 in women), dyslipidemia (1.81, 1.74–1.89 in men, 1.60, 1.52–1.69 in women), and diabetes (1.35, 1.25–1.46 in men, 1.60, 1.35–1.90 in women) were significantly higher in NWCO. Conclusions Normal weight with central obesity was associated with CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, compared with normal weight without central obesity, regardless of sex. It is important to focus on normal weight with central obesity for the prevention of CVD in Japanese middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Vologda Oblast Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
N. Kh. Svanadze ◽  
R. A. Kasimov ◽  
A. A. Orlovsky ◽  
N. V. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Relevance. There are large regional disparities in prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors, as well as in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates in Russian Federation (RF). Aim. To demonstrate the disparities in prevalence of CVD risk factors between Vologda Oblast districts. Materials and methods. Databases created in 2009 at the State-financed health institution of the Vologda Oblast «Vologda Regional Center for Medical Prevention», based on the results of a survey conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization CINDI program. CINDI questionnaire; cross-sectional study; the data was processed using R programming language and the Statistica software package 12. Results. The most common behavioral CVD risk factors in different Vologda Oblast districts included inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (30–90%) and alcohol abuse (40–80%); hypertension (40–60%), overweight and obesity (30–55%) were the most frequent biological CVD risk factors; the most prevalent socio-economic risk factors included low education level (75–90%) and unemployment (20–40%). Participants residing in rural municipalities differed from urban okrugs (cities) dwellers in a higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (p < 0.0001), overweight and obesity (p < 0.05), unemployment (p < 0.0001), low education level (p < 0.0001), as well as a low overall assessment of their health (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We detected disparities in CVD risk factors prevalence between Vologda Oblast districts in 2009. Both behavioral and biological CVD risk factors were more common in participants from rural municipalities. The CVD risk factors distribution between the RF subjects’ districts requires further scientific research.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors: Role of legislations that control marketing of breastmilk substitutes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Azza A.M. Abul-Fadl ◽  
Maha M. Mourad ◽  
Oasma S. Arafa ◽  
Hanin A. Al-Jawaldeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality throughout the world. Breastfeeding has been shown to play a role in the prevention of CVD. The International Code for Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (BMSs) and its relevant resolutions (the Code) were adopted by the World Health Assembly to protect breastfeeding. Aim: This study aims to study the relationships between breastfeeding rates and laws that cover the code with CVD risk factors (obesity and blood pressure) and death from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Data for scores given to national laws and provisions under the Code for protecting breastfeeding were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Baby Food Action Network report in 2020. Data for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during infancy were obtained from United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund Global data. The WHO data for CVD risk factors in adults (>18 years) included overweight, obesity raised blood pressure (RBP), raised blood glucose level (RBGL), and death from NCDs. Results: There were significant negative correlations of overweight, obesity, raised BP, and death from NCD with EBF and with scores given to national laws that cover the Code. RBGL correlated negatively with overweight and obesity. Overweight, obesity, RBP, and death from NCDs correlated inversely with provisions in the national laws for monitoring and enforcement at p<0.015. Engagement of health staff and systems and promotion in health facilities correlated with RBP and death from NCDs at p<0.01. Conclusions: Prevention of CVD can benefit from improving breastfeeding rates by the enactment of national laws that cover the Code in its entirety. All countries should enact, monitor, and enforce these laws for promoting and protecting breastfeeding and preventing long-term consequences of feeding BMS.

scholarly journals Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by body mass index category among adults in England 2003-18: analysis of repeated cross-sectional national health surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Scholes ◽  
Linda Ng Fat ◽  
Jennifer S Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Factor Prevalence

Objective. Favourable trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at the population level potentially mask differences within high- and low-risk groups. Data from annual, repeated cross-sectional surveys (Health Survey for England 2003-18) was used to examine trends in the prevalence of key CVD risk factors by body mass index (BMI) category among adults aged 16 years or older (n=115,860). Methods. Six risk factors were investigated: (i) current cigarette smoking; (ii) physical inactivity (<30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week); (iii) drinking above recommended daily alcohol limits; (iv) hypertension (measured blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg or use of medicine prescribed for high blood pressure); (v) total diabetes (reported diagnosed or elevated glycated haemoglobin); and (vi) raised total cholesterol (≥5mmol/L). Age-standardised risk factor prevalence was computed in each four-year time period (2003-06; 2007-10; 2011-14; 2015-18) in all adults and by BMI category (normal-weight; overweight; obesity). Change in risk factor prevalence on the absolute scale was computed as the difference between the first and last time-periods, expressed in percentage points (PP). Results. Risk factor change varied by BMI category in a number of cases. Current smoking prevalence fell more sharply for normal-weight men (-8.1 PP; 95% CI: -10.3, -5.8) versus men with obesity (-3.8 PP; 95% CI: -6.2, -1.4). Hypertension remained at a stable level among normal-weight men but decreased among men with obesity (-4.1 PP; 95% CI: -7.1, -1.0). Total diabetes remained at a stable level among normal-weight adults, but increased among adults with obesity (men: 3.5 PP; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.7; women: 3.6 PP; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.4). Raised total cholesterol decreased in all BMI groups, but fell more sharply among women with obesity (-21 PP; 95% CI: -25, -17) versus their normal-weight counterparts (-16 PP; 95% CI: -18, -14). Conclusions. Relative to adults with normal weight, greater reductions in hypertension and raised total cholesterol among adults with overweight and obesity reflect at least in part improvements in screening, treatment and control among those at highest cardiovascular risk. Higher levels of risk factor prevalence among adults with overweight and obesity, in parallel with rising diabetes, highlight the importance of national prevention efforts to combat the public health impact of excess adiposity.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Employees in the Kingdom of Bahrain between October 2010 and March 2011: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Workplace Health Campaign

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Ali AL-Nooh ◽  
Abdulhussain Abdulabbas Abdulla Alajmi ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Measurements

Background. High prevalence of CVD risk factors has been reported in Bahrain.Objective. This study aims to estimate the CVD risk factors prevalence among government employees in Bahrain.Design. A cross-sectional study design.Setting. Different government workplaces in Bahrain.Method. Data was collected from 1139 employees between October 2010 and March 2011 through interviews, including physical measurements, patient blood testing, and expired carbon monoxide (CO) levels as particles per million (ppm) for smokers. A summary of composite CVD risk factors was identified.Results. The following overall prevalence rates were reported: overweight and obesity 78.4% and reported hypertension 36.9% (included both those who were on and not on treatments), with an estimated prevalence of 21.6% for measured systolic blood pressure (Sbp) ≥ 140 mmHg and 23.3% for diastolic blood pressure (dbp) ≥90 mmHg. The prevalence of total cholesterol levels ≥5.2 mmol/dl was 24.2% and LDL levels >3.3 mmol/dl 10.8%. Prevalence of HDL-C levels (≤1.03 mmol/dl) was 47.55% and (≥1.5 mmol/dl) in 12.31%. The low HDL level (<1.03 mmol/dl) among males was 64.1%, while it was 26.6% among females. Half the participants (50.8%) do not engage in any type of physical activity. Moreover, 24.3% were not eating daily servings of fruits and vegetables. About 16.1% of them were current smokers. The majority of the participants (95.35%) had either no or less than 3 CVD risk factors. Only 4.65% had 3–5 risk factors.Conclusions. Among the employees in Bahrain, the high CVD risk factors prevalence is evident. CVD risk factors prevention and control are a priority.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adolescents: eHealth, Co-Creation, and Advocacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Raeside ◽  
Stephanie Partridge ◽  
Anna Singleton ◽  
Julie Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Cvd Prevention

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Early atherosclerotic changes can begin to occur early in life and though adolescence. The prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors, namely, smoking, poor diet quality, excessive alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and overweight and obesity can exacerbate the early onset of atherosclerosis. There is a need to improve modifiable risk factors during adolescence to prevent progression to CVD in later life. Electronic health (eHealth) behaviour change interventions are a potential solution for adolescents to improve CVD risk factors, given adolescents are digital frontrunners and digital technology is wide-reaching. The process of co-creating eHealth behaviour change interventions with adolescents is a promising strategy to improve intervention effectiveness and engagement. Additionally, effective youth advocacy is an emerging strategy for CVD prevention in adolescents. This narrative review evaluates published eHealth behaviour change interventions targeting cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents, which utilize a co-creation process, describe the emerging role of advocacy in CVD prevention for adolescents and provide recommendations for future interventions.

Abstract P241: 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS and 1998 NHLBI Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Overweight and Obesity Predict Higher Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults Recommended versus Not Recommended for Weight Loss Treatment: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
June Stevens ◽  
Eva Erber-Oakkar ◽  
Zhaohui Cui ◽  
Jianwen Cai ◽  
David Wormser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Weight Loss Treatment

Introduction: In 2013, AHA/ACC/TOS released an algorithm to assist primary care providers in the identification of patients who should be considered for weight loss treatment to promote the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This guidance updated the recommendations released in 1998 by NHLBI. We know of no studies that have compared risk of incident CVD in adults recommended or not recommended for treatment by these two guidelines. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adults recommended for weight loss treatment by the 1998 and 2013 algorithms have higher CVD risk than those not recommended for treatment. Additional analyses explored sources of differences in the algorithms as predictors of CVD risk. Methods: The ARIC study included 13,020 African American and White adults aged 45-64 years. Baseline data collected in 1987-1989 on BMI, waist circumference and other CVD risk factors in participants were used to form treatment groups that differed between the algorithms in regard to the choice, definition and number of risk factors. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) for first CVD event defined as ischemic stroke, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), silent MI and coronary revascularization procedures. Covariates included age, gender, ethnicity and study center. Results: At baseline, mean BMI was 28 kg/m2 (SD 5.3). During a median follow-up of 19.8 years, 2,698 incident CVD outcomes were recorded. The 1998 and 2013 algorithms recommended weight loss for 58% and 63% of participants, respectively, with 13% discrepant. The HR for CVD in adults recommended vs not recommended for treatment were 1.85 (95% CI: 1.69, 2.00) for the 1998 algorithm and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.47, 1.72) for the 2013 algorithm. The higher HR for the 1998 algorithm was driven in part by the inclusion of three risk factors (age, smoking and family history of premature CHD) not included in the 2013 algorithm (1998 HR reduced from 1.85 to 1.78 (95% CI: 1.65, 1.93) when those risk factors omitted). In the 2013, but not the 1998 algorithm, all overweight adults with a large waist circumference or pre-diabetes as their only risk factor were included in the treated group, but the HR’s for those subgroups were not elevated. The 2013 HR changed from 1.59 to 1.77 (95% CI: 1.63, 1.93) when those criteria were omitted. Conclusions: Both algorithms identified patients for weight loss treatment who were at elevated CVD risk, and the difference in the HR’s associated with the algorithms can be explained by differences in the specification of risk factors.

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