metabolism disorder
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Zhao ◽  
Kangyu Jin ◽  
Chaonan Jiang ◽  
Fen Pan ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  

AbstractThe pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains obscure. Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis’s role in MDD has an increasing attention. However, the specific mechanism of the multi-level effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity, and brain structure is unclear. Multi-omics approaches based on the analysis of different body fluids and tissues using a variety of analytical platforms have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of MGB axis disorders. Therefore, the data of metagenomics, metabolomic, inflammatory factors, and MRI scanning are collected from the two groups including 24 drug-naïve MDD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Then, the correlation analysis is performed in all omics. The results confirmed that there are many markedly altered differences, such as elevated Actinobacteria abundance, plasma IL-1β concentration, lipid, vitamin, and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and diminished grey matter volume (GMV) of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the MDD patients. Notably, three kinds of discriminative bacteria, Ruminococcus bromii, Lactococcus chungangensis, and Streptococcus gallolyticus have an extensive correlation with metabolome, immunology, GMV, and clinical symptoms. All three microbiota are closely related to IL-1β and lipids (as an example, phosphoethanolamine (PEA)). Besides, Lactococcus chungangensis is negatively related to the GMV of left IFG. Overall, this study demonstrate that the effects of gut microbiome exert in MDD is multifactorial.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Han ◽  
Chaoping Cen ◽  
Qianying Ou ◽  
Yonggui Pan ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
...  

Graves’ disease, a typical metabolism disorder, causes diffuse goiter accompanied by ocular abnormalities and ocular dysfunction. Although methimazole (MI) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of GD, the efficacy of methimazole is only limited to the control of clinical indicators, and the side effects of MI should be seriously considered. Here, we designed a 6-month clinical trial that divided the patients into two groups: a methimazole group (n=8) and a methimazole combined with potential prebiotic berberine group (n=10). The effects of both treatments on thyroid function and treatment outcomes in patients with GD were assessed by thyroid index measurements and gut microbiota metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the addition of berberine restored the patients’ TSH and FT3 indices to normal levels, whereas MI alone restored only FT3. In addition, TRAb was closer to the healthy threshold at the end of treatment with the drug combination. MI alone failed to modulate the gut microbiota of the patients. However, the combination of berberine with methimazole significantly altered the microbiota structure of the patients, increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactococcus lactis while decreasing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei and Chryseobacterium indologenes. Furthermore, further mechanistic exploration showed that the addition of berberine resulted in a significant upregulation of the synthesis of enterobactin, which may have increased iron functioning and thus restored thyroid function. In conclusion, methimazole combined with berberine has better efficacy in patients with GD, suggesting the potential benefit of berberine combined with methimazole in modulating the composition of intestinal microbes in the treatment of GD, providing new strong evidence for the effectiveness of combining Chinese and Western drugs from the perspective of modulating the intestinal microbiota.


Medunab ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Edwin Antonio Wandurraga-Sánchez ◽  
Mario Alejandro Buitrago-Gómez ◽  
María Camila Uribe-Forero ◽  
Nestor Andrés Díaz-Posada ◽  
María Camila Amaya-Muñoz

Introduction. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is a rare inherited calcium metabolism disorder in which an alteration of the parathyroid hormone secretion set-point causes hypercalcemia with relative hypocalciuria. Some data suggest that its prevalence is around 74.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. Often, patients are asymptomatic. However, they can develop mild symptoms and an overactive parathyroid adenoma, its main differential diagnosis. The objective was to describe a patient’s case and highlight the importance of clinical suspicion and diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgical neck explorations for parathyroid adenomas. Case report. This is the case of a 40-year-old man with a biochemical profile compatible with primary hyperparathyroidism with anatomical and functional images negative for adenoma and a calcium/creatinine clearance ratio below 0.001, considering familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Genetic studies evidence a mutation in the calcium sensor receptor gene and confirm the diagnosis. Discussion. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia’s main differential diagnosis is an overactive parathyroid adenoma. For both, mild or no symptoms may be present; serum calcium exceeds the upper limit, and parathormone is more than 25pg/ml. The calcium/creatinine clearance ratio should be used to differentiate one from the other and avoid unnecessary surgical neck explorations. Besides the lack of information on this topic, evidence supports the use of calcimimetics to treat symptomatic hypercalcemia. Conclusions. Patients with mild hypercalcemia with parathyroid hormone readings above 25pg/ml and a calcium/creatinine clearance ratio below 0.001, or patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with negative imaging, should not undergo surgical neck explorations. In these cases, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is a reliable diagnosis; Cinacalcet may be administered in cases of symptomatic hypercalcemia.


2022 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 104901
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Zequn Yin ◽  
Lan Han ◽  
Mengxue Zhang ◽  
Huaxin Li ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yuanyang Li ◽  
Leiqi Zhu ◽  
Chong Guo ◽  
Mengzhen Xue ◽  
Fangqi Xia ◽  
...  

Abstract: Lipid metabolism disorder is a multifactor issue, which contributes to several serious health consequences, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver etc. Tannins, applied as natural derived plant, are commonly used in the study of lipid metabolism disease with excellent safety and effectiveness, while producing less toxic and side effects. Meanwhile, recognition of the significance of dietary tannins in lipid metabolism disease prevention has increased. As suggested by existing evidence, dietary tannins can reduce lipid accumulation, block adipocyte differentiation, enhance antioxidant capacity, increase the content of short-chain fatty acids, and lower blood lipid levels, thus alleviating lipid metabolism disorder. This study is purposed to sum up and analyze plenty of documents on tannins, so as to provide the information required to assess the lipid metabolism of tannins.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihe Xiang ◽  
Xiaoyu Hu ◽  
Ruiying Mu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Backgroud: Mastitis is the most serious disease endangering animal husbandry, especially dairy farming. Clinical investigations indicated that cows suffering from ketosis have a higher probability of mastitis. Rumen microbiota is closely related to ruminant health. However, it is not clear what role it plays in this process.Results: The microbiota in rumen fluid and milk from ketosis cows were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the richness of bacterial community both in rumen and milk were changed in ketosis cows. The abundance of genus Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Streptococcus in rumen fluid from ketosis cows decreased significantly and were negatively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In contrast, the abundance of genus Luteimonas, Thermomonas, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, Paracoccus, Acetitomaculum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Deinococcus, Saccharofermentans and Butyrivibrio in rumen fluid from ketosis cows increased significantly and were positively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In addition, the abundance of F082 and Thermomonas were increased, while the abundance of genus Acinetobacter and UCG-005 were reduced both in milk and rumen fluid in ketosis cows than healthy cows. Conclusions: Ketosis in dairy cows is capable of inducing mastitis. The rumen microbiota of ketotic cows changed significantly and is associated with the development of mastitis. Targeting rumen microbiota regulation may be a promising strategy to prevent metabolism disorder and its secondary diseases in dairy cows.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Huiqin Hou ◽  
Xianglu Wang ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Wanru Zhang ◽  
...  

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic metabolic disease. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acids (BAs) metabolism disorder are closely related to obesity. Farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR), served as a link between gut microbiota and BAs, is involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. We previously reported that diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) could alter gut microbiota and prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains ambiguous how DG affects the gut microbiota to regulate host metabolism. In this present study, 16S rRNA Illumina NovaSeq and metabolomic analysis revealed that DG treatment suppressed microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, which, in turn, increased the levels of taurine-conjugated BAs accompanied by inhibition of ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling. As a result, several obesity-related metabolism were improved, like lower serum glucose and insulin levels, increased insulin sensitivity, few hepatic steatosis and resistance to weight gain. Additionally, decreased level of serum lipopolysaccharide was observed, which contributed to a strengthened intestinal barrier. The effect of DG on weight loss was slightly enhanced in the antibiotics-treated obese mice. Collectively, the efficacy of DG in the treatment of obesity might depend on gut microbiota-conjugated BAs-FXR axis. Hence, it will provide a potential novel approach for the treatment of obesity.


Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Fenfang Hong ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Shulong Yang

: Lipid metabolism disorder plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. As the largest metabolic organ of the human body, liver has a key role in lipid metabolism by influencing fat production, fat decomposition, and the intake and secretion of serum lipoproteins. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have indicated that the dysfunction of hepatic lipid metabolism is closely tied to the onset of atherosclerosis. However, the identity and functional role of hepatic lipid metabolism responsible for these associations remain unknown. This review presented that cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol transport, and the metabolism of triglyceride, lipoproteins, and fatty acids are all associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Moreover, we also discussed the roles of gut microbiota, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in the pathological association between hepatic lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. These significant evidences support strongly that hepatic lipid metabolism disorders may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.


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