Behavioural Finance as a Methodological Approach for Historians? A Field Report Concerning the Construction of the Canal of Corinth in Nineteenth-Century Greece

Author(s):  
Korinna Schönhärl
AJS Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-381
Author(s):  
Eli Rubin

The maskilic characterization of the nineteenth century as a period of decline and ossification for Hasidism is increasingly eschewed by scholars, yet continues to mark current research in significant ways. As a case study, this article takes up Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn of Lubavitch (“Maharash,” 1834–1882), rescrutinizing (1) the controversy surrounding the onset of his leadership, (2) his personality and charisma, (3) his methodological approach to the teachings and texts that he inherited from his predecessors, and (4) his theological contributions and their place in the broader trajectory of Chabad's intellectual history. His tenure emerges as a false twilight, in which a new foundation was laid for the perpetuation and expansion of Chabad-Lubavitch, as both an intellectual and activist movement, in the century that followed.


Author(s):  
Howard Jones ◽  
Martin H. Jones

This chapter explains the organization of the book and defines the object of study. Different pathways are recommended depending on readers’ prior knowledge of Middle High German and their linguistic, literary, or historical interests. The Introduction makes a distinction between Middle High German writings in general and Classical Middle High German, i.e. the normalized language in which many great works of the period are edited (reflecting nineteenth-century practices) and read today. Middle High German is situated within the Germanic language family and contrasted with Middle Low German, and its main dialect areas are described. The Introduction explains why the period 1050–1350, which is traditionally used to define Middle High German, has been adopted in this volume, and gives an account of the chronological subdivisions of the period. The methodological approach of the remaining chapters of the book is set out and recommendations are made for further reading.


Author(s):  
Giuseppe Primiero

This book is a technical, historical, and conceptual investigation into the three main methodological approaches to the computational sciences: mathematical, engineering, and experimental. Part I explores the background behind the formal understanding of computing, originating at the end of the nineteenth century, and it invesitagtes the formal origins and conceptual development of the notions of computation, algorithm, and program.Part II overviews the construction of physical devices to performautomated tasks and it considers associated technical and conceptual issues. It starts with the design and construction of the first generation of computingmachines, explores their evolution and progress in engineering (for both hardware and software), and investigates their theoretical and conceptual problems. Part III analyses the methods and principles of experimental sciences founded on computationalmethods. It studies the use ofmachines to performscientific tasks,with particular reference to computer models and simulations. Each part aims at defining a notion of computational validity according to the corresponding methodological approach.


2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Nahme

The study of Judaism within the modern university would not be possible without the legacy as well as the methodological approach of the small group of young scholars and students in Berlin who founded theVerein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Judenin 1819. Although outside the walls of the German university, these scholars endeavored to make inroads within the discipline ofOrientalistikwhile standing firm in their hope that the Hegelian spirit of the day might give Judaism its determinate recognition in the light of Absolute Spirit and give the Jews their citizenship.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-242
Author(s):  
Janka Kovács

The article focuses on interpretations of madness in early nineteenth-century Hungary medical practice from a comparative perspective. By relying on the methodological approach of the anthropology of writing and the analytical considerations offered by Michel Foucault’s 1973–1974 lectures on Psychiatric Power, the article discusses the formalized and standardized practices of case history writing. It draws on sources from the teaching clinics at the universities of Pest and Edinburgh, as well as the largest mental asylums in the Habsburg Monarchy in Vienna (est. 1784) and Prague (est. 1790), and the ideal type of mental asylums at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the York Retreat (est. 1796). In doing so, an attempt is made to reconstruct both the physicians’ gaze and (to a certain extent) the patients’ view, and by examining the therapeutical regime of each hospital and its correlations with the institutional background, uncover whether madness was perceived as a pathological somatic or psychological state in the medical practice of these institutions. This is in and of itself a fundamental question if we seek to understand changing attitudes towards the mad and their curability in a period of transition from a “world without psychiatry” to a “world of psychiatry,” when specialized care was still not an option for many, especially in the East Central European region.


Perspectiva ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Marcus Aldenisson Oliveira ◽  
Ilka Miglio Mesquita

<p>http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795X.2014v33n1p403</p><p>Neste artigo, objetiva-se compreender a proposta metodológica utilizada para ensinar Aritmética em escolas primárias dos anos Oitocentos, no tempo da vaga pedagógica intuitiva. Para tal compreensão, toma-se como fonte privilegiada a Arithmetica Primária, de Antônio Bandeira Trajano, nos anos 1889/1890. Dessa forma, interessa saber: como a Arithmetica Primária apresentou uma proposta intuitiva para ensinar a contar e a calcular? A primeira parte do artigo concentra-se em analisar o livro <br />didático como fonte de investigação e sua relevância enquanto objeto de pesquisa. Em seguida, foca-se nos elementos que materializam o livro em questão a partir de sua desestruturação/desmontagem, tendo em vista a perspectiva de análise proposta pelo historiador Jacques Le Goff (1994). Por fim, apresenta-se como se configurou a proposta intuitiva para ensinar a contar e a calcular, através da análise das páginas da Arithmetica Primária. A análise revelou que a proposta intuitiva para o ensino de número e cálculo conferiu outros realces à Aritmética do curso primário: o apelo à observação, manipulação, experimentação, comparação e prática.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Intuitive Arithmetic</em></strong><strong> primary course read in textbook: how to teach number and calculation?</strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this article the objective is to understand the methodological approach used to teach arithmetic in primary schools of the nineteenth century, when the intuitive teaching vacancy was used. For such an understanding, it is taken as an important source Antonio Bandeira Trajano´s Primary Arithmetica (<em>Arithmetica Primária</em>) in the years 1889/90. Thus, it is important to know: how Primary Arithmetic presented an intuitive proposal to teach counting and calculating? The first part of the article focuses on analyzing the textbook as a research source and its relevance as a research object. Then the article focuses on the elements that materialize the book in question from its loss of structure / dismantlement, bearing in mind the analytical perspective proposed by historian Jacques Le Goff. Finally, it appears as it was configured the intuitive proposal to teach counting and calculating, by analyzing the pages of Primary Arithmetic. The Analysis showed that the intuitive proposal for teaching number and calculation gave other enhancements to the arithmetic of elementary school: the appeal to observation, manipulation, experimentation, comparison and practice.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Arithmetic. Primary School. Textbook.</p><p class="western"> </p><p class="western"><strong>Aritmética Intuitiva del curso primario a partir del libro didáctico: ¿cómo enseñar el número y el cálculo?</strong></p><p class="western"> <strong>Resumen</strong></p><p class="western">El objetivo es comprender el enfoque metodológico utilizado para enseñar aritmética en las escuelas primarias del siglo XIX, a los tiempos de vacante enseñanza intuitiva. Para tal comprensión, nos referenciamos en una importante fuente Primaria Arithmetica (Arithmetica Primária), de Antonio Bandera Trajano [1889?], en los años 1889/90. Surge la pregunta: ¿cómo la Arithmetica Primaria presentó una propuesta intuitiva para enseñar a contar y calcular? La primera parte del artículo se centra en el análisis de los libros de texto como fuente de investigación y su relevancia como objeto de investigación. Luego se centra en los elementos que materializan el libro en cuestión, su deconstrucción / desmontaje, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de análisis propuesto por el historiador Jacques Le Goff (1994). Por último, se presenta como se configuró la propuesta intuitiva para enseñar a contar y calcular, mediante el análisis de las páginas Arithmetica Primaria. El análisis mostró que la propuesta intuitiva para la enseñanza del número y el cálculo otorgó otras mejoras a la aritmética de la escuela primaria: la apelación a la observación, manipulación, experimentación, comparación y práctica.</p><p class="western"><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> Aritmética. Escuelas primarias. Libros didácticos.  </p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Daguzan ◽  
C Farnarier ◽  
S Jaubert ◽  
G Pironti ◽  
S Gentile

Abstract Context Since 2011, a project in favour of access to rights, access to care and continuity of care for homeless people has been implemented in Marseille (ASSAb project: Access to Care for the Homeless). One of its main lines of action is to improve public knowledge and has led to a census of homeless adults in Marseille in 2016. Methods The methodological approach chosen is based on a survey via homeless services, known as the ’Danish’ method, which consists of counting the number of people who have used homeless services at least once over a given period (Brousse, 2005; Marpsat, 2009; FEANTSA, 2016). This approach avoids the difficulties of recording seasonal variations or any other one-off event and controls double counting. Results In 2016, during the year, 14,063 people were at least once homeless in an emergency and accessed a dedicated reception or care facility. Compared to 2011, when 12,648 people were counted, this study reveals an overall increase of 11.2% in this population and a important increase in the number of women (+47%), elderly people (+24%) and minors (+85%). Conclusions Association, institutions and professionals in the field report a greater feeling of increase in the population concerned than shown in this study. The saturation of the reception and support capacities of the structures and the evolution of the situation since 2016 partly explains this representation difference. Key messages This study informs policy makers and helps them in strategic orientations (Court of Accounts, 2017). This study provides input for the thinking and actions of the homeless sector.


2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMO MAZZOTTI

This paper analyses the contents and the style of the Bullettino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche (1868–1887), the first journal entirely devoted to the history of mathematics. It is argued that its innovative and controversial methodological approach cannot be properly understood without considering the cultural conditions in which the journal was conceived and realized. The style of the Bullettino was far from being the mere outcome of the eccentric personality of its editor, Prince Baldassarre Boncompagni. Rather, it reflected in many ways, at the level of historiography of science, the struggle of the official Roman Catholic culture against the growing secularization of knowledge and society.


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