Online Service Providers as Human Rights Arbiters

2017 ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Frank Jørgensen ◽  
Anja Møller Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Online Service Providers

Official access to encrypted communications in New Zealand: Not more powers but more principle?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Ben Keith
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Online Service Providers

Although New Zealand is a member of the ‘Five Eyes’ intelligence community, it has taken a relatively cautious and in recent years often deliberative approach to counterterrorism powers, including in relation to access to encrypted communications. That approach can be seen to reflect New Zealand’s security, legal and political context and in particular its tendencies to independence, pragmatism and support for human rights. It is also apparent in the responses to date to the deaths of 51 people in the March 2019 attack on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand and, in particular, in the Christchurch Call, an initiative against terrorist and violent extremist content online. The Call is a non-binding standard adopted in cooperation with numerous other governments and large online service providers and includes commitments to transparency and human rights. As Five Eyes countries’ individual and collective positions concerning access to encrypted communications become increasingly forceful, the question is whether New Zealand will follow those positions or pursue more principled, collaborative and likely more workable measures, in line with its wider approach and the example of the Call.

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN CYBERSPACE

2017 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Krista Revizore ◽  
Māris Šļakota
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Online Service Providers ◽  
Cyberspace Security

This report includes information about freedom of expression and ability to execute the guaranteed freedom in the cyberspace. Thesis examine the question falling under the scope of human rights online. More particularly, it displays cyberspace security and vulnerability problems regarding guaranteed right to freedom of expression in cyberspace. The discussion concern two sides of the coin: individuals who participate and communicate through online platforms and consequences of their actions – impact on intermediaries. It is an essential topic as modern and digital technologies develop more and more every day alluring new participants who should understand what can be said online, how their actions can be protected, freedom executed and what are liabilities imposed to online service providers.

Does the Internet Increase Fundraising Revenues of Nonprofit Organizations?

2011 ◽  
pp. 293-308
Author(s):  
Yasin Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Online Service Providers

Nonprofit organizations have been using the Internet for disseminating information about themselves, interacting with potential donors, and fundraising. In this chapter, we focus on online service providers for nonprofits (OSPNs) that bring donors and nonprofits together in an electronic environment to help them find a suitable match. We investigate the effects of OSPNs on the outcomes of fundraising markets by developing an economic model. We compare the total net revenues of nonprofits competing for donations in two different settings: while nonprofits in the first market use both the traditional fundraising techniques and the services provided by OSPNs, those in the second market implement the traditional method only. We derive analytical conditions under which the first setting provides better outcomes than the second one can generate.

Effects of Online Service Providers for Nonprofits on Fundraising Markets

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Online Service Providers ◽  
The Way

The Internet is transforming the way nonprofits have been disseminating information about themselves, interacting with potential donors, and fundraising. In this article, the authors focus on a special type of online service providers for nonprofits (OSPNs) that bring donors and nonprofits together in an electronic environment to help them find a suitable match. The authors investigate the effects of OSPNs on the outcomes of fundraising markets by developing an economic model. They compare the total net revenues of nonprofits competing for donations in two different settings: while nonprofits in the first market use both the traditional fundraising techniques and the services provided by OSPNs, those in the second market implement the traditional method only. They derive analytical conditions under which the first setting provides better outcomes than the second one can generate.

scholarly journals Beyond “I Agree”: Users’ Understanding of Web Site Terms of Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511989732
Author(s):  
Eric P. Robinson ◽  
Yicheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood Model ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Online Service Providers

Whether they know it or not, the legal rights and responsibilities of users of websites and services, including social media, are defined and controlled by the terms of service of these online service providers. But despite the importance of these provisions, studies have shown that users rarely review terms of service, or think about their meaning. This study took advantage of a major website’s “simplification” of its terms of service to determine whether the changed language increased users’ understanding of the intended meaning of the terms of service. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model, we evaluate the effectiveness of simplification of terms of service as a method to encourage users’ understanding on these terms.

AppAware: a policy visualization model for mobile applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
Ioannis Paspatis ◽  
Aggeliki Tsohou ◽  
Spyros Kokolakis
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Service Providers ◽  
Common User

Purpose Privacy policies emerge as the main mechanism to inform users on the way their information is managed by online service providers, and still remain the dominant approach for this purpose. The literature notes that users find difficulties in understanding privacy policies because they are usually written in technical or legal language even, although most users are unfamiliar with them. These difficulties have led most users to skip reading privacy policies and blindly accept them. This study aims to address this challenge this paper presents AppAware, a multiplatform tool that intends to improve the visualization of privacy policies for mobile applications. Design/methodology/approach AppAware formulates a visualized report with the permission set of an application, which is easily understandable by a common user. AppAware aims to bridge the difficulty to read privacy policies and android’s obscure permission set with a new privacy policy visualization model. Thus, we propose AppAware parser, a mobile add-on that acts complementary with AppAware and helps mobile device users to monitor the applications they installed to their smart device. Findings To validate AppAware, the authors conducted a survey through questionnaire aiming to evaluate AppAware in terms of installability, usability and viability-purpose. The results demonstrate that AppAware is assessed above average by the users in all categories. Originality/value In the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no such approach as AppAware as an application nor AppAware parser as add-on.

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