Taxation, Income Distribution and Optimal Programmes to Finance Higher Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 225-249
Author(s):  
Mario Baldassarri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Income Distribution

scholarly journals Does Higher Education Equalize Income Distribution?

2015 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Martin Carnoy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Educational Change ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
University Enrollment ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Positive Effect

Our recent research on higher educational change in the BRIC countries suggests that greatly expanding university enrollment has little positive effect on equalizing earnings distribution. The main reason is that the payoffs for graduates have continued to rise despite many more higher education graduates entering the labor market.

As Higher Education Expands, is it Contributing to Greater Inequality?

2011 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. R34-R47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Carnoy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
University Education ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Mass Expansion

This paper reviews the various elements that enter into the relation between higher education expansion and income distribution. Contrary to the prevailing ideology, the paper suggests that under certain conditions the mass expansion of higher education can contribute to greater income inequality. These conditions are related to three important variables not usually considered in the education-income distribution model: rising returns to university education relative to secondary and primary education, decreasing public spending differences between higher and lower levels of education, and increasing spending differences between elite and mass universities. All three appear to be increasingly common features of educational expansion in developing countries, including large ones such as China, Russia, Brazil, and India, although researchers are just beginning to observe such changing patterns of spending within higher education systems. The paper discusses the role that such payoffs and government education spending patterns can play in contributing to changes in income distribution using suggestive data from the developing countries.

scholarly journals Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Yavorsky ◽  
Lisa A. Keister ◽  
Yue Qian ◽  
Michael Nau
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The One

A growing body of research documents the importance of studying households in the top one percent of U.S. income distribution because they control enormous resources. However, little is known about whose income—men’s or women’s—is primarily responsible for pushing households into the one percent and whether women have individual pathways to earning one percent status based on their income. Using the 1995 to 2016 Surveys of Consumer Finances, we analyze gender income patterns in the one percent. Results show that women’s income is sufficient for one percent status in only 1 in 20 of all elite households. Although self-employment and higher education increase the likelihood that women will personally earn sufficient income for one percent status, marrying a man with good income prospects is a woman’s main route to the one percent. In contrast, men’s one percent status is most closely associated with their own characteristics (self-employment and higher education). Importantly, the gender gap in personally earning one percent income has not narrowed since the mid- to late-1990s, indicating another area in which gender progress has stalled. This research suggests that men retain most of the primary breadwinning positions in top income households and that a financial glass ceiling remains firmly intact at the one percent level.

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