Lessons from Six European Host Countries: Does Cultural Distance Influence Opinions on Immigration?

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Author(s):  
Roger White
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Host Countries

The impact of home–host cultural distance on foreign affiliate sales: The moderating role of cultural variation within host countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk ◽  
Arjen Slangen ◽  
Robbert Maseland ◽  
Marjolijn Onrust
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Foreign Affiliate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

scholarly journals Determinants of Staff Localization in Headquarters-Subsidiary-Subsidiary Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Chan Bok Kim ◽  
Seong-Jin Choi ◽  
Luyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Foreign Subsidiary ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Relationship Structure ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates how cultural distance, the local experience of a foreign subsidiary, and the intensity of local competition jointly affect the staff localization of MNEs’ subsidiaries. While previous studies on the effects of cultural distance have mainly focused on the gap between home and host countries, we extend the existing “home-host” country perspective to the home-intermediary-host country relationship. This study regards Korea as an intermediary country and utilizes 520 observations from a unique survey conducted by the Export-Import Bank of Korea from 2006 to 2013. The results suggest that the impact of cultural distance on staff localization is a function of local experience and competitive environment in the home-intermediate-host relationship structure. This paper makes a theoretical contribution to our understanding of the behavior of multinational corporations by expanding the cultural distance perspective between the home and host countries explored in previous research to the home-subsidiary-subsidiary structure.

scholarly journals Migration, Cultural Identity and Diasporas An Identity Economics Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloys Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Subgame Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
Identity Economics

AbstractBesides effects on economic well-being, migration of people with distant cultural backgrounds may also have large effects on people’s cultural identity. In this paper, the identity economics of Akerlof and Kranton (2000) is applied to migration. Accordingly, it is assumed that the utility of both the immigrants and the native population encompasses economic well-being and cultural identity. The migration effect on cultural identity depends, among others, on the distance between cultures. In a simple immigration game it is shown that immigrants may prefer to live rather in diaspora communities than to integrate into the host countries’ culture. This subgame-perfect equilibrium choice of immigrants seems the more likely the greater the cultural distance between their country of origin and the destination country is. Among the available policy instruments, restrictions on the freedom of movement and settlement of immigrants may be the most effective way to prevent the setup of large diaspora communities. For young immigrants and later generations of immigrants, integration via compulsory schooling is the most important policy. In general, cultural, religious and social institutions may support integration.

scholarly journals Confucius Institute and the Completion of Chinese Cross-Border Acquisitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouyang ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Confucius Institute ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Global Platform

As a global platform for cultural exchange, the Confucius Institute (CI) has effectively promoted sustainable development among countries and regions. However, existing literature has mostly drawn insights from the national macro-level to study the roles played by CIs, whereas the potential of CIs to influence corporate behaviors has not received extensive attention. This study expands the research on CIs from the national macro-level to the enterprise micro-level by exploring the effect of CIs on the likelihood of acquisition completion. Using data from 1695 Chinese cross-border acquisitions from 2006 to 2017, we find that establishment of CIs can significantly increase acquisition completion likelihood. Furthermore, the level of influence of CIs on acquisition completion depends on country- and firm- level factors. At the country level, the positive effect of CIs on completion likelihood intensifies when cultural distance between host countries and China is great. At the firm level, the acquirer’s past cross-border acquisition experience moderates the effects of CIs, which are more beneficial to firms with no previous successes. In addition, we have made some further analyses, and find that the presence of CIs not only helps to increase the likelihood of acquisitions completion, but also helps to shorten the acquisition durations. The role of CIs in cross-border acquisition completion likelihood do not depend on the types of Chinse enterprises, which indicates that CIs, unlike government agencies, do not offer additional help for SOEs.

scholarly journals Signaling effects and the role of culture: movies in international auxiliary channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 2146-2172
Author(s):  
Ashish Sinha ◽  
Haodong Gu ◽  
Namwoon Kim ◽  
Renu Emile
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Movie Industry ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Sales Prediction ◽  
Cultural Contingency

Purpose Given the high uncertainty in the quality perception of experiential products, manufacturers use signals to influence consumers’ decisions. In the movie industry, literature shows that performance of the main channel (e.g. cinema) strongly influences the performance of auxiliary channels (e.g. DVDs). The success of a movie in the home country is also to be resonated by its good performance in host countries. However, the cultural contingency of these success-breeds-success (SBS) effects has not been examined. This paper aims to test the influence of cultural values on the SBS effects across channels and countries. Design/methodology/approach Borrowing concepts from the signaling literature and analyzing DVD sales data from six international markets using a multilevel mixed-effects model, the study finds that culture plays a significant role to influence both SBS effects. Findings In countries with low power distance, short-term orientation and high indulgence, consumers who purchase from auxiliary channels are more likely to be influenced by the box office performance of movies. Meanwhile, cultural distance between the home and host nations significantly decreases the cross-national SBS effect. Research limitations/implications The findings are likely to be generalized to online auxiliary channels of movies, but empirical testing is required to ensure that no major adaptation is required in the process. Future research can also extend the framework of this paper to include more countries into the analysis and investigate cultural variables beyond Hofstede’s dimensions. Practical implications This paper suggests that the SBS effects may vary across nations. When managers plan for the sequential distributions of experiential products, the cultural values of target markets should be considered to decrease the uncertainty in sales prediction. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating the international auxiliary channels of movies and incorporating cultural values into the framework of sequential distributions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the links between the main and auxiliary channels from an international marketing perspective.

scholarly journals Conditions for the adaptation of foreign students to universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
М.V. Apasova ◽  
I.Y. Kulagina ◽  
E.V. Apasova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adaptation Processes

The article discusses the features of adaptation of foreign students and postgraduates in universities in various countries-Europe, Asia, America and Australia. In foreign psychology, there are a number of external and internal factors that determine the success of adaptation and cause difficulties in the course of adaptation processes. The main external factors include the cultural distance between the home and host countries, the age and gender of students, the specifics of living in campuses, household problems and climate. Socio-cultural adaptation depends mainly on the degree of proximity of cultures, although in any case, foreign students experience a "culture shock". The main internal factors include communicative competence, the nature of motivation, self-efficacy, and value orientations. While studying at a post-graduate at University in another country, the same problems arise as while obtaining higher education, but they are more acute due to the inclusion in research activities, especially those related to the use of equipment and requiring coordination of the work regime with colleagues. In foreign psychology, much attention is paid to the social support of foreign students – informational, emotional and instrumental.

THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM JAPAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVINA LUCKE ◽  
ALEXANDER KARMANN ◽  
STEFAN EICHLER
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Japanese Fdi ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
The Impact

We examine the determinants of Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) focusing on institutional and social factors. Using panel data on 59 countries from 1995 to 2008, we find that host countries with free and open markets and greater cultural distance from Japan attract Japanese FDI. Good institutions, such as a well-developed legal framework and an effective government, are important in promoting Japanese FDI to emerging economies, whereas fewer regulatory restrictions, lower tax burden, and more religious diversity attract Japanese FDI to developed countries. We find that corruption stimulates Japanese FDI to developed countries, which is contrary to most previous research.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

Embracing Complexity: Diaspora Politics as a Co-Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Élise Féron
Keyword(s):  
Host Countries ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Diaspora Politics

Building on cases of conflict-generated diaspora groups, the article proposes to understand diaspora politics as a co-construction between a series of actors that is not limited to home and host states. It argues that repeated attempts to understand diaspora politics as mostly produced by home or host countries is the result of an unwillingness to embrace the fundamentally disruptive nature of diasporas in interstate politics. Diasporas are hybrid political actors that have connections, not only with their countries of origin and of residence, but also with other diaspora groups located in the same country or elsewhere as well as with other actors at the transnational level. Taking stock of state-based approaches to diaspora politics, as well as of analyses focusing on internal diaspora matters, the article shifts the focus towards the interstate and transnational dimensions of diaspora politics and emphasises their potential to move across levels and spheres of engagement

Migration and family change in Egypt: a comparative approach to social remittances

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Gruntz ◽  
Delphine Pagès-El Karoui
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Return Policies ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
And Gender

Based on two ethnographical studies, our article explores social remittances from France and from the Gulf States, i.e. the way Egyptian migrants and returnees contribute to social change in their homeland with a focus on gender ideals and practices, as well as on the ways families cope with departure, absence and return. Policies in the home and host countries, public discourse, translocal networks, and individual locations within evolving structures of power, set the frame for an analysis of the consequences of migration in Egypt. This combination of structural factors is necessary to grasp the complex negotiations of family and gender norms, as asserted through idealized models, or enacted in daily practices in immigration and back home.

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