Unraveling Brain Modularity Through Slow Oscillations

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Maurizio Mattia ◽  
Maria V. Sanchez-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Slow Oscillations

scholarly journals Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Frazer ◽  
Yesenia Cabrera ◽  
Rockelle S. Guthrie ◽  
Gina R. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Learning Tasks

Abstract Purpose of review This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Recent findings Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. Summary These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.

Slow oscillations as a probe of the dynamics of the locus coeruleus-frontal cortex interaction in anesthetized rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lestienne ◽  
A Hervé-Minvielle ◽  
D Robinson ◽  
L Briois ◽  
SJ Sara
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Anesthetized Rats

Prolonged response of skeletal muscle in the absence of penetrating anions

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude Falk ◽  
Jorge F. Landa
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Relaxation Oscillations ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
External Potassium ◽  
Prolonged Response ◽  
Plateau Level ◽  
Potassium Addition

Replacement of Ringer's chloride by a variety of nonpenetrating anions results in prolonged electrical and mechanical responses of muscle to stimulation. The ‘negative after-potential’ is characterized by a slowly increasing secondary depolarization which reaches a stable plateau lasting as long as 2 minutes. After-discharge frequently occurs during early depolarization. In most fibers repolarization is relatively abrupt, but in some, slow oscillations resembling relaxation oscillations arise following the plateau, grow gradually in amplitude and, only when they are of sufficient amplitude, does the membrane repolarize. Prolonged depolarization can still be produced when the spike has failed. At times, fibers may respond with short-duration action potentials, but may be primed to give prolonged responses by previous stimuli or by increase of external potassium. Addition of chloride has no effect below a critical concentration. Reduction of sodium to 25% of normal does not change plateau level or duration. Duration of the plateau phase is decreased by potassium.

Driving of slow oscillations in the somatosensory system of the cat

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L Rush ◽  
J.A Kusske ◽  
J.W Hutchison ◽  
M Verzeano
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Slow Oscillations

Slow oscillations of dispersion-managed solitons

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hartwig ◽  
M. Böhm ◽  
A. Hause ◽  
F. Mitschke
Keyword(s):  
Slow Oscillations

scholarly journals Origin and dynamics of cortical slow oscillations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V Sanchez-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Slow Oscillations

scholarly journals Selection of stimulus parameters for enhancing slow wave sleep events with a Neural-field theory thalamocortical computational model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Torres ◽  
Patricio Orio ◽  
María-José Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Closed Loop Stimulation

AbstractSlow-wave sleep cortical brain activity, conformed by slow-oscillations and sleep spindles, plays a key role in memory consolidation. The increase of the power of the slow-wave events, obtained by auditory sensory stimulation, positively correlates to memory consolidation performance. However, little is known about the experimental protocol maximizing this effect, which could be induced by the power of slow-oscillation, the number of sleep spindles, or the timing of both events’ co-occurrence. Using a mean-field model of thalamocortical activity, we studied the effect of several stimulation protocols, varying the pulse shape, duration, amplitude, and frequency, as well as a target-phase using a closed-loop approach. We evaluated the effect of these parameters on slow-oscillations (SO) and sleep-spindles (SP), considering: (i) the power at the frequency bands of interest, (ii) the number of SO and SP, (iii) co-occurrences between SO and SP, and (iv) synchronization of SP with the up-peak of the SO. The first three targets are maximized using a decreasing ramp pulse with a pulse duration of 50 ms. Also, we observed a reduction in the number of SO when increasing the stimulus energy by rising its amplitude. To assess the target-phase parameter, we applied closed-loop stimulation at 0º, 45º, and 90º of the phase of the narrow-band filtered ongoing activity, at 0.85 Hz as central frequency. The 0º stimulation produces better results in the power and number of SO and SP than the rhythmic or aleatory stimulation. On the other hand, stimulating at 45º or 90º change the timing distribution of spindles centers but with fewer co-occurrences than rhythmic and 0º phase. Finally, we propose the application of closed-loop stimulation at the rising zero-cross point using pulses with a decreasing ramp shape and 50 ms of duration for future experimental work.Author summaryDuring the non-REM (NREM) phase of sleep, events that are known as slow oscillations (SO) and spindles (SP) can be detected by EEG. These events have been associated with the consolidation of declarative memories and learning. Thus, there is an ongoing interest in promoting them during sleep by non-invasive manipulations such as sensory stimulation. In this paper, we used a computational model of brain activity that generates SO and SP, to investigate which type of sensory stimulus –shape, amplitude, duration, periodicity– would be optimal for increasing the events’ frequency and their co-occurrence. We found that a decreasing ramp of 50 ms duration is the most effective. The effectiveness increases when the stimulus pulse is delivered in a closed-loop configuration triggering the pulse at a target phase of the ongoing SO activity. A desirable secondary effect is to promote SPs at the rising phase of the SO oscillation.

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