3D Human Head Shape Variation by Using Principal Component Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Yanling Zheng ◽  
Haixiao Liu ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Linghua Ran ◽  
Taijie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Head Shape

scholarly journals Digital Morphometrics: A Tool for Leaf Morpho- Taxonomical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kavi K. Oza ◽  
Rinku J. Desai ◽  
Vinay M. Raole*
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Descriptors

Leaves are most important part of the plant and can be used for the identification of a taxon. An appropriate understanding of leaf development in terms of shape and responsible abiotic factors is necessary for improvement in plant. Leaf shape variation could be evaluated successfully, and the symmetrical and asymmetrical elements of the overall shape variation could be detected. The aim of the present study was to establish a quantitative analysis method of leaf shape by elliptic Fourier descriptors and principal component analysis (EF-PCA). EF-PCA describes an overall shape mathematically by transforming coordinate information concerning its contours into elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) and summarizing the EFDs by principal component analysis. We can be able to extract six variables by using leaf specimen images from field and herbarium specimens. In the present study, total leaf area with respect to notch area is more variable within species. Within a species the major source of the symmetrical elements may be governed by genotypic features and the asymmetrical elements are strongly affected by the environment. We could discuss the value of morphometrics to detect subtle morphological variation which may be undetectable by human eye.

Comparison of surrogate 50th percentile human headforms to an adult male sample using three-dimensional modeling and principal component analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Liu ◽  
David J Greencorn ◽  
Daniel I Aponte ◽  
Shawn M Robbins ◽  
David J Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Ice hockey helmets are required to be impact tested while mounted to a surrogate 50th percentile adult male headform. However, head shape and size can vary substantially from user to user. Furthermore, the contact area between a headform and helmet interior has been identified as an important factor affecting the protective capabilities of a helmet. The objective of this study was to compare quantitative measures of head shapes between three 50th percentile adult male headforms and a sample of adult human subjects who wore a medium-sized helmet. Using three-dimensional models of the human subjects and headforms, head shape was quantified by assessing radial distances in two transverse planes of the head and by using principal component analysis to determine the largest components of fit. Notable differences were found between the headforms and human subjects. The headforms were smaller than the human subjects, demonstrating smaller radial distances for the entire head. The principal components of head shape were overall size and roundness of the head. The results of this study demonstrate the headforms are not representative of the sample median.

scholarly journals The Variation in 3D Face Shapes of Dutch Children for Mask Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6843
Author(s):  
Lyè Goto ◽  
Wonsup Lee ◽  
Toon Huysmans ◽  
Johan F. M. Molenbroek ◽  
Richard H. M. Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Close Fit

The use of 3D anthropometric data of children’s heads and faces has great potential in the development of protective gear and medical products that need to provide a close fit in order to function well. Given the lack of detailed data of this kind, the aim of this study is to map the size and shape variation of Dutch children’s heads and faces and investigate possible implications for the design of a ventilation mask. In this study, a dataset of heads and faces of 303 Dutch children aged six months to seven years consisting of traditional measurements and 3D scans were analysed. A principal component analysis (PCA) of facial measurements was performed to map the variation of the children’s face shapes. The first principal component describes the overall size, whilst the second principal component captures the more width related variation of the face. After establishing a homology between the 3D scanned face shapes, a second principal component analysis was done on the point coordinates, revealing the most prominent variations in 3D shape within the sample.

scholarly journals Intragroup variation in the Pre-Columbian Cuba population: A perspective from cranial morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Taisiya Syutkina ◽  
Mario Juan Gordillo Pérez ◽  
Silvia Teresita Hernández Godoy ◽  
Carlos Arredondo Antúnez ◽  
Armando Rangel Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Metric Traits

Abstract The paper aims to study intragroup variation inside the two pre-Columbian Cuban populations: the aceramic Archaic and the ceramic Taino groups, based on their cranial morphology. The latter applied artificial cranial deformation to all its members, so the groups are referred to as “non-deformed” and “deformed” samples here. Studies across different disciplines suggest evidence of cultural and biological diversity inside the non-deformed group, while local variations of applying the deforming device can be responsible for shape variation across the deformed group. Cranial metrics and non-metric cranial traits of the 92 crania of Cuban origin were analyzed, although the sample size varied between the analyses due to the incompleteness of the crania. Geometric morphometrics was applied to the deformed crania to study the shape variation across the sample. Three deformed crania from the Dominican Republic were analyzed together with the deformed Cuban sample to test the variability of the practice between the islands. Principal component analysis and the Mantel test did not reveal any geographic differences in the cranial metric traits. No morphological differences associated with the antiquity of materials could be seen either based on the available data. The principal component analysis of the Procrustes coordinates of the cranial vault outline in the lateral norm revealed continuous variability of cranial shapes from the ones with more flattened frontal and occipital bones to the more curved outlines, which is probably explained by individual variation. Non-metric traits variation revealed bilateral asymmetry in the expression of the occipito-mastoidal ossicles among the deformed crania. In conclusion, the study did not support assumptions about morphological diversity inside the studied samples or proved the impossibility of available craniological data to reflect possible intragroup differentiation at the moment.

scholarly journals Processing of X-ray Microcalorimeter Data with Pulse Shape Variation using Principal Component Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 184 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yan ◽  
T. Cecil ◽  
L. Gades ◽  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
T. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
X Ray

A German version of the Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ): cultural adaptation and validation

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirchberger ◽  
Finger ◽  
Müller-Bühl
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
German Version ◽  
Average Completion Time ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Related Quality

Background: The Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) is a short questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The objective of this study was to translate the ICQ into German and to investigate the psychometric properties of the German ICQ version in patients with IC. Patients and methods: The original English version was translated using a forward-backward method. The resulting German version was reviewed by the author of the original version and an experienced clinician. Finally, it was tested for clarity with 5 German patients with IC. A sample of 81 patients were administered the German ICQ. The sample consisted of 58.0 % male patients with a median age of 71 years and a median IC duration of 36 months. Test of feasibility included completeness of questionnaires, completion time, and ratings of clarity, length and relevance. Reliability was assessed through a retest in 13 patients at 14 days, and analysis of Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated using principal component analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the ICQ scores with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as well as clinical measures. Results: The ICQ was completely filled in by 73 subjects (90.1 %) with an average completion time of 6.3 minutes. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.75. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.88. Principal component analysis resulted in a 3 factor solution. The first factor explained 51.5 of the total variation and all items had loadings of at least 0.65 on it. The ICQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 and treadmill-walking distances whereas no association was found for resting ABPI. Conclusions: The German version of the ICQ demonstrated good feasibility, satisfactory reliability and good validity. Responsiveness should be investigated in further validation studies.

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