Conclusion: Two Centuries of Catching-up to the West

Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Biegelbauer
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1191

Branko Milanovic, a Presidential Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center, reviews “Mixed Fortunes: An Economic History of China, Russia, and the West”, by Vladimir Popov. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Provides an interpretation of the ""Great Divergence" and the ""Great Convergence" stories, analyzing why Western countries grew rich and developing countries struggled to keep up, focusing on China and Russia. Discusses how the West became rich--stylized facts and a literature review; why the West became rich first and why some developing countries are catching up, while others are not; Chinese and Russian economies under central planning--why the difference in outcomes?; Chinese and Russian economies since reforms--transformational recession in Russia and acceleration of growth in China; and growth miracles and failures--lessons for development economics. Popov is with the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, Professor Emeritus at the New Economic School in Moscow, and Professor in the Graduate School of International Business at the Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration in Moscow.”


2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-593
Author(s):  
BÉLA GRESKOVITS

ABSTRACT What is attempted in the East is catching up with the West from a recent position of worse-than-Latin-American economic backwardness. Until now, populations that were sentenced to political patience by the logic of poor democracies have reluctantly backed this enormous effort. Central and Eastern Europe’s post-socialist path is characterized by an increasingly discredited ideology of a return to Europe and a non- European combination of substitute institutions of development: radical opening towards the world economy, damaged institutions of labor representation, eroded state capacity, and often strong private and foreign dominance in the financial and other strategic sectors. There is a chance for a few countries to succeed. Yet various development traps may be more likely in the end than a “Great Spurt” in the Gerschenkronian sense.


Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1689-1732
Author(s):  
Petr Hanel

The chapter examines whether Chinese health-related biotechnology is catching up with leaders in the field. The approach is inspired by Malerba's Sectoral System of Innovation and Production, complemented by Mathew's insight into strategies for latecomer firms. The results show that Chinese scientists are quickly catching up in the output of scientific publications. However, the basic research remains insufficient for the development of a sustainable, innovative industry. The industrial production of biotechnology-based manufacturing of drugs and medical devices is growing slower than their knowledge base. Most firms still manufacture under license or contract low-value “me too” generic pharmaceutical and biosimilar ingredients medicines. The intensity of R&D and patenting in China increased dramatically, especially in the foreign-invested firms but China's share of biotechnology patenting in the US, EPO and Japan are very low. In summary, Chinese biotechnology ‘industry' is catching up with the West, but it has a long way to go.


2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 102-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Gustafsson ◽  
Xiuna Yang ◽  
Terry Sicular

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document